The Dysgenics Investigation
Race, Science & The Human Genome Project
(The Eugenics Investigation)
(Akoniti)
Edited by: Michael James Ross
Monsantoinvestigation.com
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{The following article will detail group based science, along with current news and technology on the Human Genome Project}.
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Chapter 1: Race & IQ
Chapter 2: Race & Sports
Chapter 3: Science & Invention
Chapter 4: Genetic disorders and diseases (Dysgenics)
Chapter 5: The 5 Percent Nation of Islam & Masonry
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Definition: Akoniti - to withdraw
If athletes wanted to compete at the Olympics, they had to arrive at Olympia one month before the start of the games. A similar obligatory training period probably existed at other major games as well. This did not only give all athletes the possibility to train in a similar manner, but it also offered the opportunity to assess the strength of their contestants. If they observed that they would be chanceless, they could withdraw. Withdrawal was preferred to the disgrace of being defeated. At the Olympic games it was forbidden to withdraw once the games had started, though allowed during the preparatory weeks. If an athlete did this anyway, as Theagenes once did , he was fined.
Sometimes one athlete commanded so much respect, that all the other competitors withdrew from the contest. This was called a victory ‘akoniti’, which can be translated as ‘without dust’. This meant that an athlete from a combat sport won without entering the dusty sandpit where the matches took place. In running events, this kind of victory was extremely rare.
To us it seems rather weak to win without having to fight, but for the Greeks this was very honorable, for it meant that one commanded respect among all participants. The great champions mentioned this proudly in their victory list on stone.
Sometimes one athlete commanded so much respect, that all the other competitors withdrew from the contest. This was called a victory ‘akoniti’, which can be translated as ‘without dust’. This meant that an athlete from a combat sport won without entering the dusty sandpit where the matches took place. In running events, this kind of victory was extremely rare.
To us it seems rather weak to win without having to fight, but for the Greeks this was very honorable, for it meant that one commanded respect among all participants. The great champions mentioned this proudly in their victory list on stone.
http://ancientolympics.arts.kuleuven.be/eng/TD015EN.html
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Definition: Akoniti
Honorific technical term in the language of the agon: ‘without a fight’,
literally ‘dust-free’, i.e. not required to sprinkle the body with fine
sand after oiling, as laid down in the athlete's regimen (Philostr. De
Gymnastica 56). Akoniti victories occurred when only
one athlete had entered (e.g. Paus. 5,21,14), or, more often, when
opponents withdrew out of fear or when they had no prospect of victory.
This occurred most often in combat sports, but not only in wrestling, as
Philostratus indicates …
http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/akoniti-e111980
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Chapter 1: Race & IQ
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3/5/2019 - Race Dysgenics: Evolution, Dysgenic De-evolution, Eugenics
& Genetic Modification - The History of the Lineage of Man - https://racedysgenics.blogspot.com
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4/10/2020
- The Cephalic Investigation - Race Eugenics & Dysgenics (Skull
Evolution & The History of the Lineage of Man)
https://skullevolution.blogspot.com
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5/12/2019 - Race Virus 101 - The Eugenics Investigation (The Dysgenics Investigation) -
https://racevirus101.blogspot.com
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1/8/2020 - Race Dysgenics Brazil | Eugenics in Brazil - https://eugenicsbrazil.blogspot.com
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Prof. Philippe Rushton - "Latest Research on Race" -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1mgrTGeDPM
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JP Rushton and David Suzuki debate at the University of Western Ontario, February 8th, 1989
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9FGHtfnYWY
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Suzuki Admits Reality of Racial Heredity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSgG6QxbtHY
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Greenpeace founder slams David Suzuki - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NP5eXtCIKuY
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FULL EPISODE: Ezra Levant confronts David Suzuki - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nARIP90l9Q
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Race, IQ, Genetics, and Denial - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AE9ONE0LhcU
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Race and IQ
https://isgp-studies.com/miscellaneous/race-and-iq/global-iq-scores-black-white-asian-hispanic-arab-large.png
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Average IQ by Country
https://ourworldindata.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ourworldindata_average-iq-by-country-v2.png ( https://ourworldindata.org/intelligence )
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Race and IQ
Aug 8, 2016https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNuB-yYDZpM
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Dr Frances Welsing debate william shockley 1974
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZXWaps2Z2g
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Firing Line with William F. Buckley Jr.: Shockley's Thesis - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JOIqkh2ms8 ( Shockley was the inventor of the transistor.)
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African Language and the African Mind - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAoNhacojmM&list=PLgE7CmyxsOa6eETOiyrOpbOoKRnO-Df7i
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African American Detroit test scores are as low as cavemen anchorman suggests Razing Detroit - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dBbZFXr05U&index=9&list=PLgE7CmyxsOa6eETOiyrOpbOoKRnO-Df7i
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Racial segregation in American schools. Return to the 1960s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmrtJD9kT4I
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Kids Talk About Segregation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sff2N8rez_8
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Let's Bring Back Segregated Schools https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN81fqjZf7g
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ASIAN STUDENTS DROP OUT!!!!! - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9_XQDuw2II
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Brilliant Tommy Sotomayor about African Americans in USA - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYKjtWEsOF8
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Tommy Sotomayor on the fat & loud black woman stereotype - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlSQAmSqSik
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Africans Have Never Built a Major Enduring City in 3,000 Years - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZkE3xB8o8A
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Pastor Manning No African History John 8: 32 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYrrZpV0Sjk
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Black People Don't Give A Damn About Black People https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSoI39YD2a8
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NIGERIAN LEADERS & BLACKS PEOPLE DOESN'T KNOW HOW TO RUN A NATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wBVprLojEQ
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Chicago is a Little Rwanda - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TNPFwrVgIA
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The Black Thang Ain't Workin - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBbFW0kXyvI
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We Need to Talk About the African American Holocaust - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fPMSqebjxg
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The Mexicans are Coming - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WObx-uv72-E
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Africa or Mexico - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C9VZOsyjLo
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IQ, African Americans & Genetic Enhancement - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KC-JGWSmZV0
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Don lemon calls Larry Elder an Uncle Tom, Gets DESTROYED by Larry - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pf-_OyYmhpc
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Ben Shapiro Exposes Black LIES Matter - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izeGpciIfNc
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Black Celebrities who hate Black Lives Matter - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dx-3pL2OQlw
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Black Lives Matter leader shot dead - https://nypost.com/2018/02/07/black-lives-matter-leader-shot-dead/
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The Politics of South Park: Immigration - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uW3JxUZpiYk
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Chris Rock Bring The Pain Stand Up Comedy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJFS5AFcNtw
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Stefan Molyneux Low IQ Cultures Don't Mix With High IQ Societies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFERsUXjf-I&index=11&list=PLgE7CmyxsOa6eETOiyrOpbOoKRnO-Df7i
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Race Controversy in "The Bell Curve" - Ethnic Differences in Cognitive Ability https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2MtavwbxZY
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John Derbyshire - The Great Encounters: When Races First Met (AmRen Conference, 2013) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeHFBzhR4vM
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Douglas Whitman: "The Evolutionary and Biological Reality of Race"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeb09GS7ids
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The Cost of Ignoring Group Differences - 'Race Realists are Modern Day Galileos'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WH5DsBXTtHg
{Life is cruel and unfair to some individuals}.
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Prof. Raymond Wolters - Fifty Years Since Brown v. Board of Education (AmRen Conference, 2004)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i00Ylu9prgU
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Prof. Raymond Wolters - Closing the Gaps: Education Reform Since the 1950's (AmRen Conference, 2011)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzxWoDAAejo----------
Don lemon calls Larry Elder an Uncle Tom, Gets DESTROYED by Larry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pf-_OyYmhpc
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Treating Unequals as Equals - Egalitarianism with Race Realism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JV7cpBgULds
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Prof. Philippe Rushton 'The American Race Dilemma in World Perspective'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsuFwcM6mvg
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Why White Males Are High Achievers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYI2QgmXvgw
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"Genetic-Similarity Theory and Ethnic Nationalism" - Prof. Philippe Rushton
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuxqrF1rykE
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Race Differences in Brain Size - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvV1sSZxTSU&index=3&list=PLgE7CmyxsOa6eETOiyrOpbOoKRnO-Df7i
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The 'Tragic' Reason for Black/ White IQ Difference - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cphq4DZfFLw
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"Race Differences in Intelligence" & "The Biological Reality of Race" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Te_o5WL-UQ
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Laurence Steinberg | Why Some Races Outperform Others https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGx17P_O2LI
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Fear of Race Realism and the Denial of Human Differences 1/3 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2sUW8q7uWI&index=6&list=PLgE7CmyxsOa6eETOiyrOpbOoKRnO-Df7i
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Fear of Race Realism and the Denial of Human Differences 2/3 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLhGgj4T1ww
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Fear of Race Realism and the Denial of Human Differences 3/3 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMdIG5BPgMw
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Steven Pinker on Swear Words - "Race is Very Taboo" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyiH-bpr5SE
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1 of 4 Steven Pinker - Jews, Genes and Intelligence - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GexZF5VIMU
2 of 4 Steven Pinker - Jews, Genes and Intelligence - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkTyWYcxVIA
3 of 4 Steven Pinker - Jews, Genes and Intelligence - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDM7yQVU4ZE
4 of 4 Steven Pinker - Jews, Genes and Intelligence - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uz5igS5n720
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Richard Dawkins & Steven Pinker Literally Stand Up for Reason & Science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAY3MeVG6AM
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Race & IQ - Demographic Effects on National High IQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OozeGZQwyBM
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Race and intelligence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence
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Richard Lynn, "Why Are the Jews So Smart" (PFS 2013)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yuq1gu2CEm8
{Why it it the Jews have an IQ of over 105 on average, yet many Muslims who have an IQ of around 80, yet the Muslims get hundreds of times more land than the group of people that are much smarter.}
{Jews were raped by the Romans, the Romans were considered the people with the highest IQ in Europe, with all of the main institutions and sciences in Europe}.
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Race & IQ - Jewish 115 Average IQ - AmRen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgiGg8im9Vk
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Evolution of Jewish Intelligence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lj4cArZxGpI
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Ben Shapiro - Why Jews Are Successful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZTjr9_SA9A
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Race Differences in Newborn Behavior https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAAbDzJhoD8
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10 Smartest Countries https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECj-xfOBwMo
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Race and Intelligence special, science's last taboo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9LZ7-69HEE
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Race and IQ — Sam Harris and Charles Murray Set the Record Straight on Intelligence Testing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YfEoxU82us
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IQ of Serbian Gypsies
General mental ability in South Asians: Data from three Roma (Gypsy) communities in Serbia
J. Philippe Rushton et al.
Abstract
To examine whether the Roma (Gypsy) population of Serbia, like other South Asian population groups, average lower than Europeans on g, the general factor of intelligence, we tested 323 16- to 66-year-olds (111 males; 212 females) in three different communities over a two-year-period on the Raven's Colored and/or Standard Progressive Matrices and four measures of executive function. Out of the total of 60 Matrices, the Roma solved an average of 29, placing them at the 3rd percentile on 1993 U.S. norms, yielding an IQ equivalent of 70. On the executive function tests, the Roma averaged at about the level of Serbian 10-year-olds. The Matrices showed a small mean sex difference favoring males.
http://dienekes.blogspot.co.at/2006/10/iq-of-serbian-gypsies.html
{Comment: Snurdle Bug said...
How can their IQ so low, when they are able to maximally exploit the public assistance benefits of the wealthier countries which they invaded and are able to live without working?}.
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Full text of "The IQ Of Gypsies In Central Europe"
https://archive.org/stream/TheIQOfGypsiesInCentralEurope/The%20IQ%20of%20Gypsies%20in%20Central%20Europe_djvu.txt
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Mormons are average
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2010/09/mormons-are-average/#.Ws73b5dlDIU
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Is humanity getting smarter or dumber with time? The answer may be both.
https://www.livescience.com/37095-humans-smarter-or-dumber.html
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Brand New - America's Dumbest Criminals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQKTQQcYS7g&list=PLhAhjCDDyiHazYSO71Yo8r1d-Ab-S1Lz6
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The decline of the world's IQ
http://www.iapsych.com/iqmr/fe/LinkedDocuments/lynn2008.pdf
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
4. The decline of genotypic IQ within countries
The negative association between IQ and fertility across nations is not the only factor responsible for a decline in the world's genotypic intelligence. An additional factor is dysgenic fertility within countries. As noted in Section 1, the Retherford and Sewell (1988) study indicated a decline of genotypic intelligence in the United States of 0.57 IQ points a generation. About the same magnitude of dysgenic fertility has been found in several other economically developed nations, reviewed in Lynn (1996).
Much less is known about whether dysgenic fertility is present in economically developing countries. The only work known to us is that of Meisenberg, Lawless, Lambert and Newton (2005)
and is a study of the Afro-Caribbean population of Dominica. In this study of 352 people aged
51–62 it was found that for men the association between intelligence measured by the Progressive Matrices and number of children was slightly positive for men (r=0.06),but negative for women (r=-
0.163). The greater dysgenic fertility for women than for men has typically been found
in economically developed countries. If we combine the results for men and women, the correlation between intelligence and fertility in Dominica is - 0.08 and is therefore slightly dysgenic. It is not possible to estimate the magnitude of the decline of genotypic intelligence from the data. All that can be inferred from this study is that dysgenic fertility is present in Dominica and this may
or may not be typical of other economically developing countries. If it is, dysgenic fertility within countries is a likely a worldwide phenomenon and is increasing the magnitude of the decline of the world's genotypic intelligence estimated in Sections 2 and 3
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On the possibility of the reemergence of a dysgenic trend with respect to intelligence in American fertility differentials
1982
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160289682900022
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Psychologists Go to War
One of the striking findings of the Army Testing Project was that around half of the Army recruits tested at or below the level of “moron.”
http://behavioralscientist.org/psychologists-go-war/
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Human intelligence 'peaked thousands of years ago and we've been on an intellectual and emotional decline ever since'
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/human-intelligence-peaked-thousands-of-years-ago-and-weve-been-on-an-intellectual-and-emotional-8307101.html
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Destruction of cultural heritage by ISIL
Mosques and shrines
Churches and monasteries
Ancient and medieval sites
Palmyra
Hatra
Libraries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_ISIL
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{Hey look at this, it is just a bunch of low IQ black guys and Arabs running around while destroying historical priceless cultural monuments, statues and sites. These types of actions of vandalism need to stop, and we need to also have people stop vandalizing and defacing neighborhoods}.
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Kuwaiti preacher, ISIS call for demolition of Egypt’s Sphinx, pyramids
Published time: 9 Mar, 2015
https://www.rt.com/news/239093-islamist-calls-destroy-pyramids/
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ITALY: African Muslim destroys invaluable historic Statues in 4 Roman Churches, terrorizes Tourists
Oct 13, 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df_si1PnEcY
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35 Invaluable Hindu and Buddhist Statues Destroyed in Maldives by Extremist Islamic Group
February 23, 2012
http://www.chakranews.com/invaluable-hindu-amd-buddhist-statues-destroyed-in-maldives-by-extremist-islamic-group/2224
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Effects of Centuries of Extreme Inbreeding Among Muslims: Low IQ, Violence and Terrorism
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Asian Race Highlights - "The Pacific Century"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SG3nm-Autsg
(Why do Oriental body features of humans differ from other races of humans?}
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The Ancient Greeks Weren't All Geniuses
Anatoly Karlin • December 23, 2015
The cultural and scientific achievements of Ancient Greece are so manifold that it is barely worth recounting them. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle laid the foundations of Western philosophy. Pythogoras, Euclid, and Archimedes launched mathematics as a disciple grounded on logic and proof, a break from the approximative techniques that had held sway in other civilizations (and would largely continue to do so). To this day many medical schools have their students swear an oath under the name of Hippocrates. Homer, Aeschylus, Euripides – the originators of, and still giants in, the Western literary canon. Herodotus and Thucydides, the founders of a historiography that was something more than just a court chronicle.
Ancient Greek IQ = 125 (Galton)
https://www.unz.com/akarlin/ancient-greeks-not-geniuses/
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IQ: 200+ (references)This is a featured page
http://www.eoht.info/page/IQ%3A+200%2B+%28references%29
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From child prodigies to playwrights, the world's 40 smartest people of all time revealed
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3721556/The-smartest-40-people-time-revealed-List-includes-geniuses-Einstein-da-Vinci-s-number-one.html#ixzz5CR8sTG5T
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Whole Brain Size and General Mental Ability: A Review
2009 Apr
Additional findings in Appendix 1 are of interest. For example, the brain volume–GMA correlation is equally strong in males and females (e.g., Andreasen et al., 1993; Wickett, Vernon, & Lee, 1994, 2000). It is also found in people of East Asian, East Indian, European, Turkish, African, South American, and Amerindian descent (e.g., Andreasen et al., 1993; Ivanovic et al., 2004; Tan et al., 1999). Age, although it plays a role in brain size and GMA, does not confound the results. Studies using a narrow age range of younger or older samples show the same magnitude of correlation (e.g., Deary et al., 2007; Egan et al., 1994).
Several studies have examined whether different regions of the brain would show differential correlations with GMA. Many appear to show that the size effects are manifest throughout the brain and not specific to any particular region (Andreasen et al., 1993; Reiss et al., 1996). However, other studies show GMA centered in the frontal brain regions (Jung & Haier, 2007). Colom et al. (2006a, 2006b) used the method of correlated vectors and found evidence for both positions—the more g-loaded subtests were distributed throughout the brain but concentrated most in the frontal lobes.
A unique study that did not fit the appendix is Witelson et al.'s (Witelson, Beresh, & Kigar, 2006) prospective study of 100 cancer patients (58 women and 42 men) who completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and agreed to a postmortem examination. The subjects were Caucasian 25- to 83-year-olds (mean = 56 years). Although the subjects were ambulatory and well functioning, they were all on medication, which may have affected their performance. Also, some patients survived for several years after completing the tests, resulting in a delay before brain measurement. Nonetheless, the average correlation between brain weight and GMA for males was r = 0.26, and for females it was r = 0.31.
A functional relation between brain size and cognitive ability has been found in four studies showing that the correlation between brain size and GMA holds true within families as well as between families (Bergvall et al., 2006; Gignac et al., 2003; Jensen, 1994; Jensen & Johnson, 1994; although one study failed to do so: Schoenemann et al., 2000). The within-family finding is of special interest because it controls for most of the sources of variance that distinguish families, such as social class, styles of child rearing, and general nutrition, that differ between families. The largest of these is a population-based study that measured head size at birth and GMA at age 18 at the time of conscription in the Swedish military (Bergvall et al., 2006). Analyses were made of data on 96,189 males who had at least one full brother similarly measured. The between-family analysis showed that a small head circumference for gestational age (>1 SD below the mean) was associated with a 10% increase in risk of low intellectual performance (the lowest 11% of scores); the within-family analysis showed a 5% increase in risk.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668913/
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In Search of a High IQ African Population - Do Africans Really Have an IQ of 70?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxAhwYoZQKU&index=2&list=PLgE7CmyxsOa6eETOiyrOpbOoKRnO-Df7i&bpctr=1523551845
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Race with Lowest Measured IQ: Australian Aboriginals and Bushmen/ Pygmies - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsZ11VVdP_M
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Pygmy peoples
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmy_peoples
Origins
Various theories have been proposed to explain the short stature of pygmies. Some studies suggest that it could be related to adaptation to low ultraviolet light levels in rainforests. This might mean that relatively little vitamin D can be made in human skin, thereby limiting calcium uptake from the diet for bone growth and maintenance, and leading to the evolution of the small skeletal size.
Other explanations include lack of food in the rainforest environment, low calcium levels in the soil, the need to move through dense jungle, adaptation to heat and humidity, and as an association with rapid reproductive maturation under conditions of early mortality. (See also Aeta people § Demographics.) Other evidence points towards unusually low levels of expression of the genes encoding the growth hormone receptor and growth hormone compared to the related tribal groups, associated with low serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and short stature.
Abuse by non-Pygmies
Reported genocide in Rwanda
Reported genocide in the Congo
Main article: Effacer le tableauFrom the end of 2002 through January 2003 around 60,000 Pygmy civilians and 10,000 combatants were killed in an extermination campaign known as "Effacer le Tableau" during the Second Congo War. Human rights activists have made demands for the massacre to be recognized as genocide.
Slavery
In the Republic of the Congo, where Pygmies make up 2% of the population, many Pygmies live as slaves to Bantu masters. The nation is deeply stratified between these two major ethnic groups. The Pygmy slaves belong to their Bantu masters from birth in a relationship that the Bantus call a time-honored tradition. Even though the Pygmies are responsible for much of the hunting, fishing and manual labor in jungle villages, Pygmies and Bantus alike say that Pygmies are often paid at the master's whim: in cigarettes, used clothing, or simply not paid at all. As a result of pressure from UNICEF and human-rights activists, in 2009, a law that would grant special protections to the Pygmy people was awaiting a vote by the Congo parliament. According to reports made in 2013, this law was never passed.In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, during the Ituri Conflict, Ugandan backed rebel groups were accused by the UN of enslaving Mbutis to prospect for minerals and forage for forest food, with those returning empty handed being killed and eaten.
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Effacer le tableau
Effacer le tableau ("erasing the board") is the operational name given for the systematic extermination of the Bambuti pygmies by rebel forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effacer_le_tableau
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{We are for the Pygmy people to not face persecution, and have their own area for themselves. This is why if we go to space, they could even have a Pygmy land, you could even have Oompa Loompas running around also for all I care. Yes, some Pygmy people do have a very low IQ, but some Pygmies are actually some of the smartest Africans as well. What some of the Pygmy people lack in physical size, they make up for in being smarter than many other Africans.
You will see how many Africans try to genocide the Pygmy people and put the Pygmy people into slavery, this has been going on for thousands of years. If you are a Pygmy, Albino or a European in many parts of Africa, they will hunt you down and kill you for being different}.
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{ I am trying to find the best way to exist peacefully in the world, without any group of people having to face genocide.
My main goal right now I wanted to make for my media organization is that we need to populate the human species off of the planet. We could have all races of humans living in space, where there could even be trillions of people.
I believe that many parts of the world are currently overpopulated, such as China and India, which these countries currently have over 1.2 billion people. Do you really think that having 20 billion people on the planet would make the planet overpopulated?
With all respects, we can see how most races are now trying to out breed each other, in a race to populate the planet for the future in order for their race to survive.
Some people say that to call for population control is a form of authoritarian fascism.
Now, if people are calling for population control, does this mean that race control comes with population control? We know that the government wants to control the races. We should take these people out of power, such as the Rothschilds and these secret societies, including the Vatican.
Should we regulate the population of race in the world, to where one race would not feel threatened by another race, and feel like they are facing genocide.
I think it would be better if we could expand all life and different types of people in different parts of the Universe.
We could have areas with all different types of races, including areas that have the majority of one race, if you want to see that type of culture or want a change of pace.
This one African guy I know hates the fact that Northern Africa is now not even as many black people as there once were, and more of a Moroccan look to the people is now in many Northern African lands, with all respects. The point we are trying to make is that just because someone is brown skinned, doesn't mean that they want another nation of people that is also brown skinned, to genocide that other nations culture through war or breeding. Many native Nigerian Christians despise any type of Muslim, cause the Muslims are trying to genocide off their people and culture in Nigeria.
Many people also think that several different races of people traveled to America many thousands of years ago, and that Africans were in South America over 20,000 years ago. It is also true that the Nordic people traveled to Newfoundland and parts of the continent of North America, and also have a history in America. The Siberian/Mongolian Asian bloodline that traveled into America were able to repopulate the most.
One day their father and children are listening to reggae, and then all of a sudden their great grandchildren are preaching the Koran, and death to their father's own Christian people and culture. This is the type of poison we can see with Islam.
Would a religion such Islam even be able to coexist with other religions in space. The answer is that the people of Islam need to see that the scriptures have been altered just as we can see in the Bible, and that trying to cause the genocide of another race is not the way to go.
We should not have to go to war and kill millions or billions of Middle Easterners, and that we would just lose more DNA of an ancient people. I know that Islam gives Middle Eastern people a bad name, to where now when I see a Muslim in Europe, or Asia, I think how they are trying to genocide the people and culture with Sharia law. If we go to war with each other, it could just become nuclear and chemical annihilation, and that my goal is a journalist is to bring reason to many problems.
As I said, we are for different cultures to breed, yet we think we should save the lineage and DNA of many people, such as we study different species of animals or even dinosaurs.
I think that we were meant to expand in space, so that we can keep the great races and all the great DNA lineage of our ancestors.
How would we divide up the races and make plenty of room for any type of person in space.
I do not want to harm any race of people such as Middle Easterners, just cause the majority of those individuals happen to be poisoned with Sharia law. Most of these Muslims bringing in Sharia Law and causing the genocide of other cultures, are not even a fraction of the honor that many of their ancestors had before Islam was even invented.
The question is, how would we regulate the population in space including the race of people in space.
I believe that all of the distinct races deserve to have their DNA and lineage saved and continue to live for billions and even trillions of years.
Would you rather want humanity to end with the planet, or populate space and have humans and animals live on.
We could even have giant biospheres in giant openings inside of planets and caves of other planets.
We could have everything from skiing, snowboarding, wave machines for surfing, hundreds of amusement parks and water parks, biospheres with rain forests and waterfalls and animals. We could have an abundance of food, wealth. Any fun event we can think of doing on Earth, we could do in a colony in other parts of the Universe.
We can see the great and distinctive races of the Earth, such as Africans, Orientals, Whites, etc. These races deserve the right to keep their identity and to expand in different parts of the Universe.
I hear many authoritarian people say that we should have a one world race of people, so that no one can be racist against each other. To me this is like saying that people will go genocide all of the great and distinctive races and their culture, then breed them all out to have one race, in order to avoid racism. To me this idea is like combining all of the worst authoritarian dictators that have massacred and tortured people in the world, then saying how we should have a global holocaust of everyone's culture, in order to obtain peace. This statement is also very Orwellian, and almost sounds like a type of war for peace type of quote.
Why not keep and expand all of the great and distinctive races in space, and create even more mixed races of people in the Universe, along with more blacks, more Hispanics, more Asians and more Whites. I just love each race so much, that I do not want to see any of them face extinction. You could literally have a trillion white people, a trillion blacks, a trillion Asians, a trillion Latinos/Native Indian Americans, and even a trillion Middle Easterners.
Joke: Jews can even live in space as well, I am not sure if that would count as being space Zionism.
I think it would be great to have a space colony where we could have thousands of different colonies just like Earth as well. We could have some colonies that are more European and other colonies that are more Oriental, such as China Town style. We could have an Amazonian style colony as well. We could have hundreds of different of colonies such as South American style mulatto colonies. You see there is no need to kill each other and go to war, and that we should find a means of trying to exist together without exterminating the bloodlines of our ancestors.
Many people think that we should have a similar policy on Earth, and that this is why different groups of people have set different borders and nations, in order to defend the DNA and bloodlines of their ancestors, without having to fall to another group of people.
We must save the European people and the bloodlines of Europeans, before they face genocide from Sharia Law. This is a good example of why I hate the governments in power, and make videos and books trying to expose how they poison people with food, water and vaccines. The same government trying to genocide my people, while preventing us from expanding into space, just so that you can keep your power.
The question is what we must ask, is one race of people willing to genocide off another race of people, in order to thrive. The answer is yes, and we can see how many Sharia extremists are causing the genocide of people of other religions, groups and cultures, these actions of genocide need to stop.
We need to stop the Islamic man from trying to genocide off all of the distinctive races of people and cultures.
The people in control are afraid to let people colonize space and other planets, because it is a giant liability that they could lose their power. Imagine if we had the technology to send off spaceships to populate different areas of the Universe. We could see how one group of people could advance their own technology in remote areas of space, to try to overthrow another civilization in the Universe, if they felt that other group of beings or people would try to overthrow or genocide another group or colony for its resources and technology. Imagine if we had a group of people that could go to a different area of space, then come back and defeat the corrupt people in control of the world currently. The question everyone asks, is what would stop these people from using chemical and nuclear weapons, if their power was to be threatened by another group of people.
The people in power currently want to genocide many of the great races, then eventually have a very few limited amount of people on the planet Earth. We need to warn people that the one world government want population control and to limit the amount of people on the planet. We must colonize other areas of space, or that human race could eventually face extinction from fascist governments or a natural disaster. We need to colonize other areas of space and have the opportunity to expand the DNA of our ancestors in other parts of the Universe.
Does this mean that we have Sharia law in Space? Sharia Law is a bad example to set for humanity and is not a good example of what mankind should be. We should ban Sharia law in space, we cannot have Sharia Law undermine the ability for the people to colonize different areas of the Universe}.
-----------------------------
‘The time for reconciliation is over’: South Africa votes to confiscate white-owned land without compensation
“THE time for reconciliation is over.” South Africa’s parliament has backed a motion to confiscate land owned by white people.
http://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/world-economy/the-time-for-reconciliation-is-over-south-africa-votes-to-confiscate-whiteowned-without-compensation/news-story/a8a81155995b1adc1c399d3576c4c0bc
---------------------------
Judge for Yourself: White Genocide South Africa - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_be1Q6-B8LE
-------------------------
Is there a future for White Afrikaners? - BBC Our World https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH329UbQokY
-------------------------
The Endgame - Full White Genocide Documentary - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMfk5UeGw4E
--------------------------
Refugees are not welcome in Europe anymore - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjlWsPKaVzo
---------------------
Europeans Are Waking Up! | How Even Ordinary People Are Beginning to Take Action Against Immigration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlP84iYwVbY
---------------
{This is a good example of why I think we should regulate population and race on the planet. Sure Europe, the Middle East and Africa all had their conflicts, and we should stop war.
How would it sound if Europe decided to confiscate all black-owned land and all the land that Arabs own in Europe to repay the favor?
These groups are just as guilty for trying to war against the Europeans in past history, as we see with Africans invading Spain and Italy.
I think we should repay the favor in both ways, where we should have Europe as around over 90% White, and South Africa as around 70% black (give or take some percentage points). This is just a thought I am having while reading over this article, and is just an example of what we could do, or something similar to. We could still have whites living in Africa and that could travel in peace, and some blacks that can visit Europe in peace. The European people do not want Europe to be flooded with a bunch of Muslims. Let us be honest, and fight for the right for Europeans to keep their heritage and preserve their bloodlines, without a bunch of low IQ Sharia savages trying to genocide off your people and culture like mindless barbarians. We need to stop the EU and UN from trying to genocide off the European people. All of Africa does not belong to the black people anyways, Africa is a giant continent and many other Northern African people and groups live in Africa as well. The ancient Egyptians were not all black, and that white people have a right to live in certain areas of Africa.
Remember that I was the one trying to bring this to a peaceful resolution and avoid a war between nations, cultures and races. It is the UN globalist government that wants to divide and conquer the people, and why they are using Sharia law to try and destabilize independent nations.
I think we should remove most of the Africans and Middle Easterners out of Europe, if they remove whites from Africa and the Middle East. We know they are being used as weaponized humans against the European people, and for globalization. How many more thousands of articles are we going to hear about the European people facing genocide by foreigners. I say we regulate the races of Europe, and preserve the DNA and traits of the European people, without being victim to a globalist plan of genocide.
Let's talk about genetically modified humans. Get this, they want me to omit scientific evidence to please a group of people, in order to be politically correct. How can I even complete my book on Genetically modified humans and genetically modified vaccines, without adding and providing all information on the traits of different humans. They are trying to create genetically modified humans on this planet, in order to phase out real people. We can even see the traits in races differ, and that we should be open and honest about these studies}.
---------------------------
--------------------
----------------------
Chapter 2: Race & Sports
------------------
------------------
--------------------------
Muhammad Ali - Racial Integration - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqiWFLsgVi4
{Blue Birds want to be with Blue Birds, Red Birds want to be with Red Birds.
Sometimes Blue Birds will mate with a Red Bird, and make a different colored Bird. However, Blue Birds many times are known for being highly territorial, and if you are not a Blue Bird, it is a good chance the Blue Bird might chase another type of bird off. Different humans tribes are the same way, and why we have distinctive races, and we are not all just one race. I think it is great to have all the colors of different animals and plants, including humans.
The white man is not the enemy of the black man, the black man is not the enemy of the white man.
We have our cultural differences, and one race should not have to face genocide from another race. I believe we should work together to expand the human race and travel in space. Africans are actually a very smart people, and when you look at all the great black inventors and athletes, they have earned their place as a distinctive race. Just as the white man is a distinctive race with his own inventions and different athletic achievements, including Orientals and people from the Middle East, and should not have to suffer genocide either.
The Vatican wants to replace Protestant Blacks, with Catholics from South America and Muslims in Europe as well, in order to create a one world religion called Chrislam. We are for all the races to live in peace, and we believe that the government is trying to genocide off the white race, including other races, to form a one world race. We believe we should regulate population, immigration and race on the planet, so that the European people do not face genocide from a bunch of Muslims.
Let's talk about boxing vs Mixed Martial Arts (MMA).
Would boxers and people like Muhammad Ali stand a chance using the same tactics
in a real street fight or MMA fight.
Let's talk about how people like Floyd Mayweather go 50-0, when half the time he just runs around the ring and doesn't even fight.
Then we see how the refs still end up giving him the win against Pacquiao, just so he can say he is still undefeated}.
-----------
Muhammad Ali
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali
{Ali lost over 5 times, but all fighters lose, even when sparing in training at an early age. I think there are better boxers out there}.
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Don King Exposed – PBS Film – Conned Mike Tyson, Ripped-off Tim Witherspoon and Other Champs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-GUcIS3MEE--------
Report: Floyd Mayweather used WADA-banned IV before Manny Pacquiao fight
http://abc11.com/sports/report-floyd-mayweather-used-wada-banned-iv-before-manny-pacquiao-fight/976762/
--------
{Many say that Mayweather would not last very long against a real boxer or in a real fight with someone such as Nikolai Valuev, who of course is in a different weight class}.
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Nikolai Valuev
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Valuev
Record: 50 wins - 2 loses
-----------------
{We can see that many different nations of people win boxing tournaments many times}.
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List of Olympic medalists in boxing
#1 USA
#2 Cuba
#3 Great Britain
#4: Italy
#5 Soviet Union
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_boxing
--------------
Wrestling at the Summer Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Summer_Olympics
All-time medal table – 1896–2016
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Soviet Union (URS) 62 31 23 116
2 United States (USA) 54 43 35 132
3 Japan (JPN) 32 20 17 69
4 Russia (RUS) 30 11 15 63
5 Turkey (TUR) 29 18 16 56
6 Sweden (SWE) 28 27 31 86
7 Finland (FIN) 26 28 29 83
8 Hungary (HUN) 19 16 19 54
9 Bulgaria (BUL) 16 32 21 69
10 South Korea (KOR) 11 11 14 36
11 Iran (IRI) 9 14 20 43
12 Cuba (CUB) 9 6 7 22
13 Romania (ROU) 7 8 18 33
14 Italy (ITA) 7 4 10 21
15 Unified Team (EUN) 6 5 5 16
16 Poland (POL) 5 9 12 26
17 Estonia (EST) 5 2 4 11
18 Germany (GER) 4 12 9 25
19 Azerbaijan (AZE) 4 7 11 22
20 Yugoslavia (YUG) 4 6 6 16
21 France (FRA) 4 4 10 18
22 Switzerland (SUI) 4 4 6 14
23 Canada (CAN) 3 7 7 17
24 Ukraine (UKR) 3 4 6 13
25 Georgia (GEO) 3 4 11 18
26 Great Britain (GBR) 3 4 10 17
27 North Korea (PRK) 3 2 5 10
28 Uzbekistan (UZB) 3 2 3 8
29 China (CHN) 2 3 5 10
30 Armenia (ARM) 2 3 3 8
31 East Germany (GDR) 2 3 2 7
Egypt (EGY) 2 3 2 7
33 Norway (NOR) 2 2 2 6
34 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 7 7 15
35 Kazakhstan (KAZ) 1 5 9 15
36 United Team of Germany (EUA) 1 5 3 9
37 West Germany (FRG) 1 4 4 9
38 Greece (GRE) 1 3 7 11
39 Serbia (SRB) 1 0 0 1
40 Belarus (BLR) 0 4 7 11
41 Mongolia (MGL) 0 4 5 9
42 Denmark (DEN) 0 3 6 9
43 Belgium (BEL) 0 3 0 3
44 India (IND) 0 1 4 5
45 Lebanon (LIB) 0 1 2 3
Australia (AUS) 0 1 2 3
47 Lithuania (LTU) 0 1 1 2
48 Syria (SYR) 0 1 0 1
Mexico (MEX) 0 1 0 1
Latvia (LAT) 0 1 0 1
51 Austria (AUT) 0 0 2 2
Colombia (COL) 0 0 2 2
53 Macedonia (MKD) 0 0 1 1
Pakistan (PAK) 0 0 1 1
Moldova (MDA) 0 0 1 1
Tunisia (TUN) 0 0 1 1
Total 407 405 459 1271
{Many Soviet wrestlers are on steroids}.
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World's Strongest Man 2016 EPIC DEADLIFT 2 WORLD RECORDS HALL VS SHAW
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQEib1nkPnE
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World's Strongest Man
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Strongest_Man#Most_championships
Most championships
Champion Country Times Years
Mariusz Pudzianowski Poland 5 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008
Žydrunas Savickas Lithuania 4 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014
Magnús Ver Magnússon Iceland 4 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996
Jón Páll Sigmarsson Iceland 4 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990
Brian Shaw United States 4 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016
Bill Kazmaier United States 3 1980, 1981, 1982
Jouko Ahola Finland 2 1997, 1999
Geoff Capes United Kingdom 2 1983, 1985
Bruce Wilhelm United States 2 1977, 1978
{You will see that it is pretty much mostly people of European descent that are winning these strongman competitions.
Notice how the only African you see winning these Strongman competitions, is a big giant white guy who is South African. Africans are good at running away from European strongman competitions, because they know they will lose. I think it is a good thing that Africans should be able to have their own sports they are good at, such as running, jumping and basketball. I think blacks are good athletes in their own field of events, just as are white athletes}.
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Ryan Kennelly All time 308 best bench 1075 lbs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMKiBdhnYlA
{European ancestry}.
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Progression of the bench press world record
(1,075 lb) 2008 Ryan Kennelly presses 1075.0 lb (487.6 kg)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progression_of_the_bench_press_world_record
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All Squats (with & without wraps)
SHW 1,102 Vlad Alhazov Israel 07/22/17 NPA
https://www.powerliftingwatch.com/records/raw/world
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Vlad Alhazov - Power monster RAW SQUAT 532,5 kg, DEDLIFT 450 kg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wzBCSknHtU
{The guy is Israeli, but look how he is really 2/3rds white}.
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Alaska powerlifter breaks world record, squatting 3.2 times her body weight
https://www.ktoo.org/2017/11/17/alaska-powerlifter-breaks-world-record-squatting-3-2-times-body-weight/
{European ancestry}
---------------------------------
Deadlift
World records
The world record strongman-style deadlift (where a suit, straps and hitching are allowed) is 500 kg (1,102.3 lb) by Eddie Hall. He also owns the partial deadlift world record at 536 kg (1,181.7 lb).
The world record deadlift for women is 305 kg (672.4 lb) by Becca Swanson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadlift#World_records
{European ancestry}
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'The Mountain' from 'Game of Thrones' set the deadlift world record at 1,041 pounds
https://ftw.usatoday.com/2018/03/hafthor-bjornsson-deadlift-world-record-video-the-mountain-game-of-thrones-1041-pounds-strongman-classic
{Viking ancestry}
------------------------------
Sports and strength
http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/showcase/sports-and-strength
{We can see how it is constantly mostly whites and Europeans that win strongman competitions}.
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College Wrestling Records That May Never Be Broken
https://news.theopenmat.com/blog/2017/11/15/college-wrestling-records-may-never-broken/
{Again, notice how it is a bunch of people of European descent winning in wrestling}.
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Do Black People Have Better Genetics For Building Muscle?
http://nattyornot.com/black-people-better-genetics-building-muscle/
Is it true that race can influence muscle size?
It’s Not About Race. It’s About Personal Muscle Genetics
The black community is gifted in the field of athletics. This is backed by the fact that almost all top level running athletes are black. Track and field has always been dominated by black people, and it doesn’t look like the hegemony will end.
The fact that black people are good at fast and explosive sports such as sprinting has a direct effect on bodybuilding since both activities rely on fast twitch muscle fibers.
Fast twitch fibers have more potential for muscular growth than slow twitch fibers. This partially explains why people carrying a predominant amount of fast twitch fibers have larger musculatures.
However, there are “highs” and “lows” in every community. Some black people have good genetics for building muscle, but there are also many who don’t.
The fact that you’re black does not mean that you have superior genetics for building muscle mass by default. Muscle size depends on your personal genes and overall potential for growth rather than race.
Victor
March 20, 2017 at 11:42 pm
I think blacks are better for muscle building and whites are better for strength. Most of the powerlifters are white people. You don’t see any black domain in powerlifting and see in bodybuilding. Simples as that.
Black = size
White = strength
Reply
Abg
March 30, 2017 at 12:07 am
*facepalm*
End your bro science idiot ie mr victor
Reply
Conway
July 6, 2017 at 11:01 pm
This is a very near-sighted comment my friend. I think culturally powerlifting has always been a Caucasian males sport in the US. Don’t forget people like Ronnie Coleman and CT Fletcher. We can’t take singular, anecdotal points of view and apply it to genetic statistics without scientific evidence. Cheers!
Reply
Scott
April 16, 2017 at 2:49 am
Such a baseless argument. I’m an African and not muscular like you think. White black or Asian we are the same.
Reply
Stephen
June 25, 2017 at 6:12 pm
Agree with Scott. We are all pretty much the same.
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{The truth is that blacks, whites, Arabs and Asians all have different muscle types and skeletal types.
There are different body types as well, such as Ectomorph, Mesomorph and Endomorph body types}.
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Male & Female Body Types
Ectomorph body type
Mesomorph body type
Endomorph body type
Hybrid body type
http://www.teemajor.com/teemajorsblog/3-male-female-body-types-explained
{Notice how most of the very tall people in the NBA would be considered an Ectomorph}.------------
{Different body types are also meant for bodybuilding shows and developing muscles to look bigger, but then there are muscles built for strength. This is why many power lifters that can lift a lot often, many times do not look as ripped as some bodybuilders that are actually weaker in strength for lifting heavy objects}.
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Human genetic variation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (alleles), a situation called polymorphism.
No two humans are genetically identical. On average, in DNA sequence, each human is 99.9% similar to any other human. Even monozygotic twins (who develop from one zygote) have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting.
Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations. Populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tend to differ more, a phenomenon known as isolation-by-distance. The differences between populations represent a small proportion of overall human genetic variation. Populations also differ in the quantity of variation among their members, with the greatest diversity among African populations. This is consistent with the theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa. Populations vary in the (always small) proportion of DNA they received from archaic hominid populations, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans.
The study of human genetic variation has evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.
Haplogroups
In the study of molecular evolution, a haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation. Haplogroups pertain to deep ancestral origins dating back thousands of years.The most commonly studied human haplogroups are Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, both of which can be used to define genetic populations. Y-DNA is passed solely along the patrilineal line, from father to son, while mtDNA is passed down the matrilineal line, from mother to both daughter and son. The Y-DNA and mtDNA may change by chance mutation at each generation.
Variable number tandem repeats
A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) is the variation of length of a tandem repeat. A tandem repeat is the adjacent repetition of a short nucleotide sequence. Tandem repeats exist on many chromosomes, and their length varies between individuals. Each variant acts as an inherited allele, so they are used for personal or parental identification. Their analysis is useful in genetics and biology research, forensics, and DNA fingerprinting.Short tandem repeats (about 5 base pairs) are called microsatellites, while longer ones are called minisatellites.
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Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome
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Human Genome Project
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Project
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint. It remains the world's largest collaborative biological project. After the idea was picked up in 1984 by the US government when the planning started, the project formally launched in 1990 and was declared complete in 2003. Funding came from the US government through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as well as numerous other groups from around the world. A parallel project was conducted outside government by the Celera Corporation, or Celera Genomics, which was formally launched in 1998. Most of the government-sponsored sequencing was performed in twenty universities and research centers in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, Spain and China.
The Human Genome Project originally aimed to map the nucleotides contained in a human haploid reference genome (more than three billion). The "genome" of any given individual is unique; mapping the "human genome" involved sequencing a small number of individuals and then assembling these together to get a complete sequence for each chromosome. Therefore, the finished human genome is a mosaic, not representing any one individual.
Ethical, legal and social issues
At the onset of the Human Genome Project several ethical, legal, and social concerns were raised in regards to how increased knowledge of the human genome could be used to discriminate against people. One of the main concerns of most individuals was the fear that both employers and health insurance companies would refuse to hire individuals or refuse to provide insurance to people because of a health concern indicated by someone's genes. In 1996 the United States passed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) which protects against the unauthorized and non-consensual release of individually identifiable health information to any entity not actively engaged in the provision of healthcare services to a patient.Along with identifying all of the approximately 20,000–25,000 genes in the human genome, the Human Genome Project also sought to address the ethical, legal, and social issues that were created by the onset of the project. For that the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) program was founded in 1990. Five percent of the annual budget was allocated to address the ELSI arising from the project. This budget started at approximately $1.57 million in the year 1990, but increased to approximately $18 million in the year 2014.
Whilst the project may offer significant benefits to medicine and scientific research, some authors have emphasized the need to address the potential social consequences of mapping the human genome. "Molecularising disease and their possible cure will have a profound impact on what patients expect from medical help and the new generation of doctors' perception of illness."
See also
- 1000 Genomes Project
- 100,000 Genomes Project
- Chimpanzee Genome Project
- ENCODE
- EuroPhysiome
- Genome Compiler
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee
- Human Brain Project
- Human Connectome Project
- Human Cytome Project
- Human Microbiome Project
- Human proteome project
- Human Variome Project
- List of biological databases
- Neanderthal Genome Project
- Sanger Institute
- The Genographic Project
---------
‘Race’ and the Human Genome Project: Constructions of Scientific Legitimacy
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0957926504043707
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Black and White race differences in aerobic capacity, muscle fiber type, and their influence on metabolic processes.
2015
Abstract
Obesity is a known
risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Increasing aerobic capacity
(VO2max) reduces adiposity, maintains weight, and reduces the risk of
developing obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Two major determinants
of aerobic capacity are the metabolic properties specific to a
particular muscle fiber type and the capacity of the cardiorespiratory
system to deliver nutrient-rich content to the muscle. Recent research
suggests that some race/ethnic groups, particularly non-Hispanic Black
subjects, are predisposed to a reduced VO2max by way of muscle fiber
type. Combined with insufficient physical activity, these
characteristics place non-Hispanic Black subjects at an increased risk
for obesity and other adverse health outcomes when compared with other
race/ethnic groups. The purpose of this review was to suggest a model
for explaining how skeletal muscle fiber type may contribute to reduced
aerobic capacity and obesity among non-Hispanic Black subjects. Our
review indicates that metabolic properties of type II skeletal muscle
(e.g. reduced oxidative capacity, capillary density) are related to
various cardiometabolic diseases. Based on the review, non-Hispanic
Black subjects appear to have a lower maximal aerobic capacity and a
greater percentage of type II skeletal muscle fibers. Combined with
reduced energy expenditure and reduced hemoglobin concentration,
non-Hispanic Black subjects may be inherently predisposed to a reduced
maximal aerobic capacity compared with non-Hispanic White subjects,
thereby increasing the risk for obesity and related metabolic diseases.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739558
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Ethnicity-Related Skeletal Muscle Differences Across the Lifespan
2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795070/
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Racial Differences in Muscle Fiber Typing Cause Differences in Elite Sporting Competition
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2017/03/17/racial-differences-in-muscle-fiber-typing-cause-differences-in-elite-sporting-competition/
Muscle fiber typing by race
I’ll be quick here since I’ve covered this extensively.
Blacks have more type II muscle fibers in
comparison to whites who have more type I muscle fibers. This difference
in fiber typing causes differences in aerobic capacity which lead to
higher rates of cardiorespiratory diseases such as type II diabetes,
heart disease, and hypertension.
There are two types of muscle fibers with
two divisions: Type I and Type II with the divisions being in the slow
twitch fiber, further broken down into Type IIa and Type II x. Type I
fibers fire slowly and possess greater aerobic metabolic capacity due to
higher levels of lipid, myoglobin, mitochondrial and capillary content.
Type II fibers, on the other hand, fire faster, have reduced aerobic
capacity (and all that comes with it) and are better equipped for
anaerobic activity (explosive sports). Type IIa possesses more aerobic
potential than IIx, but less anaerobic potential than type I fibers.
Some evidence exists showing that it’s possible to train type II fibers
to have a similar aerobic capacity to type I, but I don’t really buy
that. It is possible to make aerobic capacity similar to the aerobic capacity that type I fibers have, but type II will not be fully like them.
Blacks have more type II fibers while whites
have more type I fibers. Type II fibers predispose people to a myriad
of cardiometabolic diseases which are also associated with grip strength.
Differences in fiber typing in elite athletes
Now comes the fun part. How do muscle fibers
differ between elite athletes? A few studies have been done but, as
expected in physiology studies, they have a low n, but they still do
show physiologic differences when compared to the control subjects,
physiologic differences that were predicted due to what we know about
muscle fiber typing.
Type IIa fibers possess more aerobic
potential than IIx, therefore, power lifters have a higher proportion of
IIa fibers compared to IIx fibers. It should also be noted that
powerlifters have the same amount of type I fibers as the general
population (Fry et al, 2003a), so knowing this fact, since blacks have a
lower proportion of type I muscle fibers as noted in Caeser and Hunter
(2015), this explains why there are very few black power lifters: they
have the opposite type II fiber type while having less type I fiber.
Furthermore, Olympic lifters also use a
higher percentage of type IIa fibers (Fry et al, 2003b). This also
explains the lower amount of blacks in weight lifting as well. Fiber
types don’t explain everything, but at elite levels, they do mean a lot
and looking at the racial variation explains racial differences in elite
sporting competition.
Explaining racial differences in sprinting
competitions is easy as well. Type IIx fibers combined with the ACTN3
gene=elite human performance (Mills et al, 2001). The gene ACTN3 was
discovered to explain explosive power, and it just so happened to vary
by race. William Saletan writes:
the relative frequency of the X allele is 0.52 in Asians, 0.42 in whites, 0.27 in African-Americans, and 0.16 in Africans. If you break out the data further, the frequency of the XX genotype is 0.25 in Asians, 0.20 in European whites, 0.13 in African-Americans, and 0.01 in African Bantu. Conversely, the frequency of RR (the genotype for speed and power) is 0.25 in Asians, 0.36 in European whites, 0.60 in African-Americans, and 0.81 in African Bantu. Among Asians, you can expect to find one RR for every XX. Among whites, you can expect nearly two RRs for every XX. Among African-Americans, you can expect more than four RRs for every XX.
This allele is responsible for explosive power. Explosive power is needed to excel in events such as sprinting, football,
basketball and other sports where power is needed in short bursts.
However, where blacks have an advantage in explosive power sports, the
advantage is lost once events like swimming, power lifting (described above), Olympic lifting (differing fiber type) etc.
---------
Genetic influence on athletic performance
2014
ACE I/D
Fifteen years ago, the ACE I/D polymorphism was the first genetic factor to be associated with human performance . The ACE
gene codes for angiotensin-1 converting enzyme, part of the
renin-angiotensin system responsible for controlling blood pressure by
regulating body fluid levels. The ACE I allele represents a 287 bp insertion and is associated with lower serum and tissue ACE activity while the D (deleted) allele is associated with higher serum and tissue ACE activity. The ACE
I/I genotype is consistently associated with endurance performance and
higher exercise efficiency while the D/D genotype is associated with
strength and power performance, though some conflicting reports do exist. Notably, there is no association between I/D genotype and elite athlete status in Kenyans,
highlighting the potential confounding factors of ethnicity and/or
geography. An extensive review of the existing literature on ACE genotype and athletic performance through 2011 is available elsewhere. Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 studies examining the association of ACE genotype with sport performance was recently performed by Ma et al. Overall, the ACE
I/I genotype was specifically associated with performance in endurance,
but not power, athletes, supporting the general consistency in the
literature for an association of ACE I/D genotype with endurance performance.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3993978/
------------
Race and sports
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_sports
Graduation rates
Despite the high rate of participation in the NCAA amongst black athletes, the rates of on-court success have not necessarily translated to the classroom. A University of Central Florida study of 2011 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament teams indicated that only 59 percent of black players graduated, compared with 91 percent of white players. The disparity can be much larger: Kansas State men's basketball program graduates 100 percent of its white players and only 14 percent of its black players. The other main NCAA revenue sport, FBS football, also has a graduation discrepancy. The 2011-12 TIDES report on bowl-bound FBS teams found that the average graduation rate for white football student athletes was 81 percent on bowl-bound teams, and 61 percent for black student athletes, and 26 percent of the bowl-bound schools graduated less than half of their black football student athletes, while not a single school graduated less than half of its white student athletes."Black athletic superiority"
"Black athletic superiority" is the theory that black people possess certain traits that are acquired through genetic and/or environmental factors that allow them to excel over other races in athletic competition. Whites are more likely to hold these views; however, some blacks and other racial affiliations do as well. A 1991 poll in the United States indicated that half of the respondents agreed with the belief that "blacks have more natural physical ability".
Various theories regarding racial differences of black and white people and their possible effect on sports performance have been put forth since the later part of the nineteenth century by professionals in many different fields. In the United States, attention to the subject faded over the first two decades of the twentieth century as black athletes were eliminated from white organized sport and segregated to compete among themselves on their own amateur and professional teams. Interest in the subject was renewed after the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and Jesse Owens's record-breaking performances at the 1935 Big Ten Track Championships.
In 1971, African-American sociologist Harry Edwards wrote: "The myth of the black male's racially determined, inherent physical and athletic superiority over the white male, rivals the myth of black sexual superiority in antiquity."
John Milton Hoberman, a historian and Germanic studies professor at the University of Texas at Austin, has acknowledged that disparities in certain athletic performances exist. He has asserted that there is no evidence to confirm the existence of "black athletic superiority".
"East Asian athletic views"
In the United States, East Asians are stereotyped as being physically and athletically inferior to other races. This has led to much discrimination in the recruitment process of professional American sports, where Asian American athletes are highly underrepresented in the majority of professional sports teams (a fact that has been noted by many sources). Professional basketball player Jeremy Lin believed that one of the reasons why he wasn't drafted by a NBA team was his race. This belief has been reiterated by sports writer Sean Gregory of Time magazine and NBA commissioner David Stern. In 2012, despite making up 6% of nation's population Asian American athletes only represented 2% of the NFL, 1.9% of the MLB and less than 1% of the NBA and NHL. Brandon Yip is the only player of mixed Asian descent to play professional hockey in the NHL. Basketball should be a sport that's noted for the fact that it has one of the lowest amounts of Asian athletes being represented despite the fact that the sport's color barrier was broken by an Asian American athlete back in 1947 named Wataru Misaka who was the first American racial minority to play in the NBA.
In American sports, there are and has been a higher representation of Asian American athletes who are of mixed racial heritage in comparison to those of full racial heritage such as the case with former football player Roman Gabriel who was the first Asian-American to start as an NFL quarterback. Another fact to note is that majority of Asian American athletes who are currently drafted/recruited to compete professionally tend to be in sports that require little to no contact.
Chinese views
The idea among Chinese people that "genetic differences" cause "Asian athletes" to be "slower at sprinting" than "their American, African or European rivals" is "widely accepted". The People's Daily, a Chinese newspaper, wrote that Chinese are "suited" to sports that draw upon "agility and technique", such as table tennis, badminton and gymnastics. The newspaper said that Chinese people have "congenital shortcomings" and "genetic differences" that meant that they are disadvantaged at "purely athletic events" when competing against "black and white athletes". The success of hurdler Liu Xiang was explained by the hurdles event requiring technique which fit with the stereotype that Chinese are disciplined and intelligent.
Li Aidong, a researcher with the China Institute of Sports Science, said that sports coaches believed that Chinese athletes could have success in long jumping, high jumping and race walking. However, Li doubted that Chinese could compete in "pure sprinting", although there did not exist any "credible scientific studies" which supported the idea that "Asians" were disadvantaged in "sprinting". Professional sprinters Su Bingtian of China and Yoshihide Kiryū of Japan have contradicted this view of East Asians struggling to achieve quick footspeed, as both have broken the 10-second barrier in the 100 m and Su has ranked in the top five all-time fastest runners over 60 metres.
Explanations for participation and performance disparities
Physiological factors
A 1994 examination of 32 English sport/exercise science textbooks found that seven suggested that there are biophysical differences due to race that might explain differences in sports performance, one expressed caution with the idea, and the other 24 did not mention the issue.
Socioeconomic factors
In Stuck in the Shallow End: Education, Race, and Computing, UCLA researcher Jane Margolis outlines the history of segregation in swimming in the United States to show how blacks have been affected up to the present day by inadequate access to swimming facilities and lessons. Margolis asserts that physiological differences between ethnic groups are relatively minor and says: "In most cases of segregation, stereotypes and belief systems about different ethnic gender groups' genetic make-up and physical abilities (and inabilities) emerge to rationalize unequal access and resulting disparities." According to Margolis, views regarding "buoyancy problems" of African Americans are merely part of folklore which have been passed down from generation to generation. Joan Ferrante, a professor of sociology at Northern Kentucky University, suggests that geographic location, financial resources, and the influence of parents, peers, and role models are involved in channeling individuals of certain races towards particular sports and away from others
Haplogroup inheritance
Elite athletic capacity has also been correlated with differing patterns of haplogroup inheritance. Moran et al. (2004) observed that among Y-DNA (paternal) clades borne by elite endurance athletes in Ethiopia, the E*, E3*, K*(xP), and J*(xJ2) are positively correlated with elite athletic endurance performance, whereas the haplogroup E3b1 is significantly less frequent among the elite endurance athletes.
Citing haplogroup data from various previous studies, Ahmetov and Fedotovskaya (2012) report that the mtDNA (maternal) haplogroups I, H, L0, M*, G1, N9, and V have been positively correlated with elite athletic endurance performance, whereas the mtDNA haplogroups L3*, B, K, J2, and T are negatively correlated with athletic endurance performance. Japanese sprinters were also found to have a higher distribution of the mtDNA F.
-----------
Pole vault
Men (comprehensive)
2016 Brazil
2012 France
2008 Australia
2004 USA
2000 USA
1996 France
1988 Russian
1984 France
1980 Poland
1976 Poland
1972 East Germany
1968 USA
1964 USA
1960 USA
1956 USA
1952 USA
1948 USA
1936 USA
1932 USA
1928 USA
1924 USA
1920 USA
1912 USA
1908 USA
1904 USA
1900 USA
1896 USA
Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_vault#Men
(Again, mostly people of European heritage are winning the medals in this event, including a Brazilian.)
-------------
Triple jump
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_jump
World 18.29 m (60 ft 0 in) Jonathan Edwards (GBR)
Continental records
Africa 17.37 m (56 ft 113⁄4 in) Tarik Bouguetaïb (MAR)
Asia 17.59 m (57 ft 81⁄2 in) Yanxi Li (CHN)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_jump
{A European wins the record in triple jump}.
--------------
High jump
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_jump
Men (absolute)
| Rank | Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.45 m (8 ft 01⁄4 in) |  Javier Sotomayor (CUB) |
27 July 1993 | Salamanca | |
| 2 | 2.43 m (7 ft 111⁄2 in) |  Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT) |
5 September 2014 | Brussels | |
| 3 | 2.42 m (7 ft 111⁄4 in) |  Patrik Sjöberg (SWE) |
30 June 1987 | Stockholm | |
 Carlo Thränhardt (FRG) |
26 February 1988 | Berlin (indoor) | |||
 Ivan Ukhov (RUS) |
25 February 2014 | Prague (indoor) | |||
 Bohdan Bondarenko (UKR) |
14 June 2014 | New York City | |||
| 7 | 2.41 m (7 ft 103⁄4 in) |  Igor Paklin (URS) |
4 September 1985 | Kobe | |
| 8 | 2.40 m (7 ft 101⁄4 in) | Rudolf Povarnitsyn (URS) |
11 August 1985 | Donetsk | |
 Sorin Matei (ROM) |
20 June 1990 | Bratislava | |||
 Hollis Conway (USA) |
10 March 1991 | Seville (indoor) | |||
| Charles Austin (USA) |
7 August 1991 | Zürich | |||
| Vyacheslav Voronin (RUS) |
5 August 2000 | London | |||
| Stefan Holm (SWE) |
6 March 2005 | Madrid (indoor) | |||
| Aleksey Dmitrik (RUS) |
8 February 2014 | Arnstadt (indoor) | |||
 Derek Drouin (CAN) [15] |
25 April 2014 | Des Moines | |||
-----------------
Javier Sotomayor
Javier Sotomayor Sanabria; born October 13, 1967) is a Cuban former track and field athlete, who specialized in the high jump and is the current world record holder. The 1992 Olympic champion, he was the dominant high jumper of the 1990s; his personal best of 2.45 m (8 ft 1/2 in) makes him the only person ever to have cleared eight feet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Sotomayor
------
OLYMPICS; Sotomayor, Banned for Drug, Is Out of Games
Javier
Sotomayor, the Cuban world record-holder in the high jump and the only
person to leap eight feet, was suspended yesterday for a positive drug
test and barred from competing in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney,
Australia, track and field's international governing body announced.
https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/28/sports/olympics-sotomayor-banned-for-drug-is-out-of-games.html
---------
Long jump
Men
| Rank | Mark | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.95 m (29 ft 41⁄4 in) | 0.3 | Mike Powell (USA) |
30 August 1991 | Tokyo | |
| 2 | 8.90 m (29 ft 21⁄4 in) A | 2.0 | Bob Beamon (USA) |
18 October 1968 | Mexico City | |
| 3 | 8.87 m (29 ft 1 in) | −0.2 | Carl Lewis (USA) |
30 August 1991 | Tokyo | |
| 4 | 8.86 m (29 ft 03⁄4 in) A | 1.9 | Robert Emmiyan (URS) |
22 May 1987 | Tsakhkadzor | |
| 5 | 8.74 m (28 ft 8 in) | 1.4 | Larry Myricks (USA) |
18 July 1988 | Indianapolis | |
| 8.74 m (28 ft 8 in) A | 2.0 | Erick Walder (USA) |
2 April 1994 | El Paso | ||
| 8.74 m (28 ft 8 in) | −1.2 | Dwight Phillips (USA) |
7 June 2009 | Eugene | ||
| 8 | 8.73 m (28 ft 71⁄2 in) | 1.2 |  Irving Saladino (PAN) |
24 May 2008 | Hengelo | |
| 9 | 8.71 m (28 ft 63⁄4 in) | 1.9 | Iván Pedroso (CUB) |
18 July 1995 | Salamanca | |
| 8.71 m (28 ft 63⁄4 in) | indoor | Sebastian Bayer (GER) |
8 March 2009 | Torino | ||
| 11 | 8.66 m (28 ft 43⁄4 in) | 1.6 |  Louis Tsatoumas (GRE) |
2 June 2007 | Kalamata | |
| 12 | 8.65 m (28 ft 41⁄2 in) A | 1.3 |  Luvo Manyonga (RSA) |
22 April 2017 | Potchefstroom | [14] |
| 13 | 8.63 m (28 ft 33⁄4 in) | 0.5 | Kareem Streete-Thompson (USA) |
4 June 1994 | Linz | |
| 14 | 8.62 m (28 ft 31⁄4 in) | 0.7 |  James Beckford (JAM) |
5 April 1997 | Orlando | |
| 15 | 8.59 m (28 ft 2 in) | indoor | Miguel Pate (USA) |
4 March 2002 | New York City | |
| 16 | 8.58 m (28 ft 13⁄4 in) | 1.8 | Jarrion Lawson (USA) |
3 July 2016 | Eugene | [15] |
| 17 | 8.56 m (28 ft 1 in) | 1.3 |  Yago Lamela (ESP) |
24 June 1999 | Torino | |
| 8.56 m (28 ft 1 in) | 0.2 | Aleksandr Menkov (RUS) |
16 August 2013 | Moscow | ||
| 19 | 8.54 m (28 ft 0 in) | 0.9 |  Lutz Dombrowski (GDR) |
28 July 1980 | Moscow | |
| 8.54 m (28 ft 0 in) | 1.7 |  Mitchell Watt (AUS) |
29 July 2011 | Stockholm | ||
| 21 | 8.53 m (27 ft 113⁄4 in) | 1.2 | Jaime Jefferson (CUB) |
12 May 1990 | Havana | |
----------
{Notice how the top 3 people who hold records in long jump, how 2 tested positive for steroids.
We can see see how they train together and even take steroids together , and this is how you can get uniformed results}.
-----------
Mike Powell threatens to 'slap' anyone who suggests resetting world records
Mike Powell has warned he would "slap" anyone who tried to take his world record from him amid the fall-out from the ongoing athletics doping scandal.
The American long jumper broke Bob Beamon's 23-year-old mark when he leapt out to 8.95 metres at the 1991 World Championships in Tokyo.
http://www.espn.com/athletics/story/_/id/14587497/long-jump-world-record-holder-mike-powell-vows-slap-anyone-suggests-resetting-world-records
-----------
Carl Lewis & Steroids: Some Speculations about this Track and Field Athlete
https://steroidssaleguide.com/carl-lewis-steroids-some-speculations-about-this-track-and-field-athlete/
-------------
100 metres
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_metres#Olympic_medallists
Men
Games Gold Silver Bronze1896 Athens
details Thomas Burke (USA) Fritz Hofmann (GER) Francis Lane (USA) Alajos Szokolyi (HUN)
1900 Paris
details Frank Jarvis (USA) Walter Tewksbury (USA) Stan Rowley (AUS)
1904 St. Louis
details Archie Hahn (USA) Nathaniel Cartmell (USA) William Hogenson (USA)
1908 London
details Reggie Walker (RSA) James Rector (USA) Robert Kerr (CAN)
1912 Stockholm
details Ralph Craig (USA) Alvah Meyer (USA) Donald Lippincott (USA)
1920 Antwerp
details Charley Paddock (USA) Morris Kirksey (USA) Harry Edward (GBR)
1924 Paris
details Harold Abrahams (GBR) Jackson Scholz (USA) Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt (NZL)
1928 Amsterdam
details Percy Williams (CAN) Jack London (GBR) Georg Lammers (GER)
1932 Los Angeles
details Eddie Tolan (USA) Ralph Metcalfe (USA) Arthur Jonath (GER)
1936 Berlin
details Jesse Owens (USA) Ralph Metcalfe (USA) Tinus Osendarp (NED)
1948 London
details Harrison Dillard (USA) Barney Ewell (USA) Lloyd LaBeach (PAN)
1952 Helsinki
details Lindy Remigino (USA) Herb McKenley (JAM) McDonald Bailey (GBR)
1956 Melbourne
details Bobby Morrow (USA) Thane Baker (USA) Hector Hogan (AUS)
1960 Rome
details Armin Hary (EUA) Dave Sime (USA) Peter Radford (GBR)
1964 Tokyo
details Bob Hayes (USA) Enrique Figuerola (CUB) Harry Jerome (CAN)
1968 Mexico City
details Jim Hines (USA) Lennox Miller (JAM) Charles Greene (USA)
1972 Munich
details Valeriy Borzov (URS) Robert Taylor (USA) Lennox Miller (JAM)
1976 Montreal
details Hasely Crawford (TRI) Don Quarrie (JAM) Valeriy Borzov (URS)
1980 Moscow
details Allan Wells (GBR) Silvio Leonard (CUB) Petar Petrov (BUL)
1984 Los Angeles
details Carl Lewis (USA) Sam Graddy (USA) Ben Johnson (CAN)
1988 Seoul
details Carl Lewis (USA) Linford Christie (GBR) Calvin Smith (USA)
1992 Barcelona
details Linford Christie (GBR) Frankie Fredericks (NAM) Dennis Mitchell (USA)
1996 Atlanta
details Donovan Bailey (CAN) Frankie Fredericks (NAM) Ato Boldon (TRI)
2000 Sydney
details Maurice Greene (USA) Ato Boldon (TRI) Obadele Thompson (BAR)
2004 Athens
details Justin Gatlin (USA) Francis Obikwelu (POR) Maurice Greene (USA)
2008 Beijing
details Usain Bolt (JAM) Richard Thompson (TRI) Walter Dix (USA)
2012 London
details Usain Bolt (JAM) Yohan Blake (JAM) Justin Gatlin (USA)
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details Usain Bolt (JAM) Justin Gatlin (USA) Andre De Grasse (CAN)
Women
Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Location
1 10.49 0.0[a] Florence Griffith-Joyner United States 16 July 1988 Indianapolis
2 10.64 +1.2 Carmelita Jeter United States 20 September 2009 Shanghai
3 10.65 [A] +1.1 Marion Jones United States 12 September 1998 Johannesburg
4 10.70 +0.6 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica 29 June 2012 Kingston
+0.3 Elaine Thompson Jamaica 1 July 2016 Kingston [34]
6 10.73 +2.0 Christine Arron France 19 August 1998 Budapest
7 10.74 +1.3 Merlene Ottey Jamaica 7 September 1996 Milan
+1.0 English Gardner United States 3 July 2016 Eugene [29]
9 10.75 +0.4 Kerron Stewart Jamaica 10 July 2009 Rome
10 10.76 +1.7 Evelyn Ashford United States 22 August 1984 Zürich
------------
Usain Bolt stripped of Olympic gold medal after Jamaican team-mate Nesta Carter fails drugs test – but he vows to appeal
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/athletics/2017/01/25/usain-bolt-stripped-olympic-gold-medal-nesta-carter-banned-drugs/
---------
USAIN BOLT SHUTS DOWN A REPORTER WHO ASKS ABOUT DRUGS IN 100m Finals PRESS CONFERENCE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK-uwtnIfFU
-------------------
Usain Bolt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usain_Bolt#Records
Statistics
Personal bests
Event Time (seconds) Venue Date Records Notes
100 metres 9.58 Berlin, Germany 16 August 2009 WR Also has the second fastest time (9.63) and shares the third fastest time of 9.69 with Tyson Gay and Yohan Blake. Bolt's 9.63 is the Olympic record, set at the 2012 games.
150 metres 14.35 Manchester, United Kingdom 17 May 2009 WB[note 1] He ran the last 100 m in 8.70, the fastest ever recorded time over a 100 m distance. This would equal an average speed of 41.38 km/h (25.71 mph).
200 metres 19.19 Berlin, Germany 20 August 2009 WR Also holds the Olympic record with 19.30, which was then (2008) a world record.
300 metres 30.97 Ostrava, Czech Republic 27 May 2010 NR This is the third fastest time, behind Wayde van Niekerk 30.81 & Michael Johnson 30.85A. The event is not recognised by the IAAF.
400 metres 45.28 Kingston, Jamaica 5 May 2007 [1]
4 × 100 metres relay 36.84 London, England 11 August 2012 WR Shared with Yohan Blake, Michael Frater and Nesta Carter.
---------------
{We see how the number 1 black sprinter (Usain Bolt) for the 100 meter dash, 200 meter dash and 400 meter dash, that Bolt's team tested positive for steroids. We can see how the number 1 black female sprinter ( Florence Griffith-Joyner) for the 100 meter dash and 200 meter dash, also had taken steroids while at the Olympics}.
-------------
Florence Griffith Joyner
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Griffith_Joyner
Died September 21, 1998 (aged 38)
| 100 m | Indianapolis | July 16, 1988 | Quarter-final | 10.49 | 0.0 | WR |
| 200 m | Seoul | September 29, 1988 | Final | 21.34 | +1.3 | WR |
Allegations of performance-enhancing drug use
Darrell Robinson, a former teammate of Griffith Joyner, claimed that he sold her 10 c.c. of HGH for $2,000 in 1988. He said Joyner told him: "if you want to make $1 million, you've got to invest some thousands." Robinson also claimed to receive steroids from coach Bob Kersee, and said he saw Carl Lewis inject himself with drugs he believed to be testosterone. Robinson never provided any evidence for his allegations and was shunned by the athletics community, leading to the premature end of his career. Griffith Joyner retired from competitive track and field after her Olympic triumph in She was repeatedly tested during competition, and she passed all of these drug tests.
---------------
Tyson Gay's failed drugs test was for banned steroid
• American sprinter faces two-year athletics ban
• 'I will take whatever punishment I get like a man'
https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/aug/23/tyson-gay-drugs-steroid-wada
-------------------
Marion Jones
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Jones
Marion Lois Jones (born October 12, 1975), also known as Marion Jones-Thompson, is an American former world champion track and field athlete and a former professional basketball player for Tulsa Shock in the WNBA. She won three gold medals and two bronze medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, but was later stripped of the titles after admitting to steroid use. Jones did retain her three gold medals as a world champion from 1997 and 1999.
-----------
How athletics is still scarred by the reign of the chemical sisters
At the time, Ma claimed his athletes’ performances were being boosted by the consumption of turtle blood. But shortly before the 2000 Olympics, China withdrew 27 athletes from their Olympic team, including six runners trained by Ma who had tested positive for erythropoietin, the banned blood doping drug better known as EPO. Ma was also fired from the Chinese coaching staff.
----------
800 metres
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Location
1 1:40.91 David Rudisha Kenya 9 August 2012 London
2 1:41.11 Wilson Kipketer Denmark 24 August 1997 Cologne
3 1:41.73 Sebastian Coe United Kingdom 10 June 1981 Florence
1:41.73 Nijel Amos Botswana 9 August 2012 London
5 1:41.77 Joaquim Cruz Brazil 26 August 1984 Cologne
6 1:42.23 Abubaker Kaki Khamis Sudan 4 June 2010 Oslo
7 1:42.28 Sammy Koskei Kenya 26 August 1984 Cologne
8 1:42.34 Wilfred Bungei Kenya 8 September 2002 Rieti
9 1:42.37 Mohammed Aman Ethiopia 6 September 2013 Brussels
10 1:42.47 Yuriy Borzakovskiy Russia 24 August 2001 Brussels
11 1:42.51 Amel Tuka Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 July 2015 Fontvieille
12 1:42.53 Timothy Kitum Kenya 9 August 2012 London
Pierre-Ambroise Bosse France 18 July 2014 Fontvieille
14 1:42.55 André Bucher Switzerland 17 August 2001 Zürich
15 1:42.58 Vebjørn Rodal Norway 31 July 1996 Atlanta
16 1:42.60 Johnny Gray United States 28 August 1985 Koblenz
17 1:42.61 Taoufik Makhloufi Algeria 15 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro
18 1:42.62 Patrick Ndururi Kenya 17 August 2001 Zurich
19 1:42.67 Alfred Kirwa Yego Kenya 6 September 2009 Rieti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/800_metres
----------------
Kenya faces fresh anti-doping crisis following surprise Wada move
http://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/36275649
The Olympic participation of another powerhouse athletics nation - Russia - is already in doubt.
In November, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) banned the country's track and field athletes from international competition following allegations of systemic state-sponsored cheating.
| Kenyan doping |
|---|
| As of January 2016, 18 Kenyan athletes were suspended for doping |
| Those 18 athletes are serving bans totalling 55 years |
| The best known is Rita Jeptoo, who has won the Boston and Chicago marathons |
| Lilian Moraa Mariita was given the longest ban - eight years for taking steroids |
---------
Dark cloud of doping hanging over Kenyan athleticS
Br Colm O’Connell outlines why he fears for the previously clean reputation of Kenyan distance running
https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/dark-cloud-of-doping-hanging-over-kenyan-athletics-1.1996620
-----------
Suspended Kenyan says doping is common
https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/athletics/suspended-kenyan-says-doping-is-common-8031835.html
---------
KENYAN RUNNING COACH REVEALS SECRET TRAINING METHODS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkvZ7kuBaoQ
-------------------
The controversial shoe propelling marathon runners to amazing records
16 Oct, 2019
The Nike ZoomX Vaporfly, launched in 2016, has zoomed into the headlines, and is threatening to become as famous as Kenya's record setting stars Brigid Kosgei and Eliud Kipchoge.
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=12276942
------------------
1500 metres
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1500_metres
Men
Correct as of July 2017.
Rank Result Athlete Nation Date Location
1 3:26.00 Hicham El Guerrouj Morocco 14 July 1998 Rome
2 3:26.34 Bernard Lagat Kenya 24 August 2001 Brussels
3 3:26.69 Asbel Kiprop Kenya 17 July 2015 Monaco
4 3:27.37 Noureddine Morceli Algeria 12 July 1995 Nice
5 3:27.64 Silas Kiplagat Kenya 18 July 2014 Monaco
6 3:28.12 Noah Ngeny Kenya 11 August 2000 Zürich
7 3:28.75 Taoufik Makhloufi Algeria 17 July 2015 Monaco
8 3:28.79 Abdalaati Iguider Morocco 17 July 2015 Monaco
9 3:28.80 Elijah Manangoi Kenya 21 July 2017 Monaco
10 3:28.81 Mo Farah Great Britain 19 July 2013 Monaco
3:28.81 Ronald Kwemoi Kenya 18 July 2014 Monaco
12 3:28.95 Fermín Cacho Spain 13 August 1997 Zürich
13 3:28.98 Mehdi Baala France 5 September 2003 Brussels
14 3:29.02 Daniel Kipchirchir Komen Kenya 14 July 2006 Rome
15 3:29.10 Timothy Cheruiyot Kenya 21 July 2017 Monaco
16 3:29.14 Rashid Ramzi Bahrain 14 July 2006 Rome
17 3:29.18 Venuste Niyongabo Burundi 22 August 1997 Brussels
18 3:29.29 William Chirchir Kenya 24 August 2001 Brussels
19 3:29.46 Said Aouita Morocco 23 August 1985 Berlin
20 3:29.46 Daniel Komen Kenya 16 August 1997 Monaco
21 3:29.47 Augustine Choge Kenya 14 June 2009 Berlin
22 3:29.50 Caleb Ndiku Kenya 19 July 2013 Monaco
23 3:29.51 Ali Saidi-Sief Algeria 4 July 2001 Brussels
24 3:29.53 Amine Laalou Morocco 22 July 2010 Monaco
25 3:29.58 Ayanleh Souleiman Djibouti 18 July 2014 Monaco
----------------
Doug Robinson: The big reset: Track might erase the record book and start over
2017
https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865683972/The-big-reset-Track-might-erase-the-record-book-and-start-over.html
Performance-enhancing drugs have cast cynicism and doubt on sports ranging from baseball and cycling to track and field and swimming. They have rendered the record books almost meaningless, especially in sports whose fans revel in the statistics.
Now track and field officials are considering drastic action: They might tear up the record book and start over. They might pretend some performances never happened.
The IAAF — track and field’s international governing body — is considering a proposal that would erase any record that was set before 2005. Why 2005? That’s when the IAAF began to store blood and urine samples that could be retested years later as new, more advanced tests are developed.
Of the 42 men’s and women’s records for Olympic events (plus the mile), the reset would wipe out 28 of them — about two-thirds. This includes Hicham El Guerrouj’s 1,500-meter mark (1998), Mike Powell’s long jump record (1991), Paula Radcliffe’s marathon record (2003), Jackie Joyner Kersee’s heptathlon mark (1988), and the highly suspicious marks produced by the late Florence Griffith Joyner in the 100- and 200-meter dashes (1988). It also would erase history’s only 8-foot high jump, by Javier Sotomayor (1993), and history’s only 60-foot triple jump, by Jonathan Edwards (1995).
With the constant advancement of drug-testing techniques (made necessary by the constant advancement of protocols to beat the tests and the development of new drugs), athletes are being busted years after their offense. About two dozen athletes from five sports have been caught after their frozen blood and urine samples were retested during the four years since the London Olympics.
The IOC reported this year that 31 athletes from the 2008 Beijing Olympics have tested positive through retesting. One of them was Nesta Carter, who tested positive for using a banned substance in the 2008 Olympics, costing Jamaica (and teammate Usain Bolt) a gold medal in the 4 x 100 relay.
The retesting procedures mean cheaters will never rest easy; they’ll always wonder if and when their deception will be discovered.
-----------
Turkey’s Asli Cakir Alptekin stripped of Olympic 1500m title for doping
https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/aug/17/asli-cakir-alptekin-london-2012-1500m-stripped-gold-medal-doping
---------
5000 metres
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_metresAll-time top 25
See also: 5000 metres world record progression
Men
Pos Time Athlete Venue Date
1 12:37.35 Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) Hengelo 31 May 2004
2 12:39.36 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH) Helsinki 13 June 1998
3 12:39.74 Daniel Komen (KEN) Brussels 22 August 1997
4 12:46.53 Eliud Kipchoge (KEN) Rome 2 July 2004
5 12:46.81 Dejen Gebremeskel (ETH) Paris 6 July 2012
6 12:47.04 Sileshi Sihine (ETH) Rome 2 July 2004
7 12:47.53 Hagos Gebrhiwet (ETH) Paris 6 July 2012
8 12:48.64 Isaiah Kiplangat Koech (KEN) Paris 6 July 2012
9 12:48.66 Isaac Songok (KEN) Zürich 18 August 2006
10 12:48.77 Yenew Alamirew (ETH) Paris 6 July 2012
11 12:48.81 Stephen Cherono (KEN) Ostrava 12 June 2003
12 12:49.04 Thomas Pkemei Longosiwa (KEN) Paris 6 July 2012
13 12:49.28 Brahim Lahlafi (MAR) Brussels 25 August 2000
14 12:49.50 John Kipkoech (KEN) Paris 6 July 2012
15 12:49.71 Mohammed Mourhit (BEL) Brussels 25 August 2000
16 12:49.87 Paul Tergat (KEN) Zürich 13 August 1997
17 12:50.24 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) Ostrava 12 June 2003
18 12:50.25 Abderrahim Goumri (MAR) Brussels 26 August 2005
19 12:50.55 Moses Ndiema Masai (KEN) Berlin 1 June 2008
20 12:50.72 Moses Ndiema Kipsiro (UGA) Brussels 14 September 2007
21 12:50.80 Salah Hissou (MAR) Rome 5 June 1996
22 12:50.86 Ali Saïdi-Sief (ALG) Rome 30 June 2000
23 12:51.00 Joseph Ebuya (KEN) Brussels 14 September 2007
24 12:51.34 Edwin Soi (KEN) Monaco 19 July 2013
25 12:51.45 Vincent Kiprop Chepkok (KEN) Doha 14 May 2010
------------
Ethiopia to impose lifetime bans on drug cheats
Ethiopia, one of five countries the IAAF says is in “critical care” over its drug-testing systems, will impose lifetime bans on drug cheats, the new president of the Ethiopian Athletics Federation (EAF) said on Wednesday (local time).
The Horn of Africa country has for many years dominated distance running along with neighbouring Kenya, but it had its credibility questioned this year when six of its athletes came under investigation for doping.
The EAF subsequently announced that it would carry out tests on up to 200 athletes.
Distance-running great Haile Gebrselassie, who was elected head of the EAF last month amid discontent over mismanagement, told Reuters his administration has adopted a “zero tolerance” approach towards doping.
“Our stand is no excuse towards someone who has cheated. As of today, any athlete who has offended will be hit by a life ban,” he said.
The move means Ethiopian athletes who fail tests and are subject to a four-year ban from December 28 onwards will no longer be able to represent the country in any competition.
The punishment is much stricter than the one currently imposed by the International Olympic Committee whose rules stipulate that athletes caught doping can face four-year bans but after serving it they are eligible to compete in any international event, including the Olympics.
Gebrselassie said his aim was to convince the sport’s world governing body that Ethiopia was serious in tackling doping and for it to be removed from the list of countries identified by IAAF president Sebastian Coe as in need of “critical care”.
Kenya, Morocco, Ukraine and Belarus are other nations in that category.
http://taylorhooton.org/ethiopia-to-impose-lifetime-bans-on-drug-cheats/
----------------
10,000 metres
Rank Time Athlete Date Place Ref
1 26:17.53 Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) 26 August 2005 Brussels
2 26:22.75 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH) 1 June 1998 Hengelo
3 26:27.85 Paul Tergat (KEN) 22 August 1997 Brussels
4 26:30.03 Nicholas Kemboi (KEN) 5 September 2003 Brussels
5 26:30.74 Abebe Dinkesa (ETH) 29 May 2005 Hengelo
6 26:35.63 Micah Kogo (KEN) 25 August 2006 Brussels
7 26:36.26 Paul Koech (KEN) 22 August 1997 Brussels
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10,000_metres
---------
Marathon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon
All-time lists
Correct as of February 2018.
Men Rank Time Athlete Country Date Place
1 2:02:57 Dennis Kipruto Kimetto Kenya 28 September 2014 Berlin
2 2:03:03 Kenenisa Bekele Ethiopia 25 September 2016 Berlin
3 2:03:05 Eliud Kipchoge Kenya 24 April 2016 London
4 2:03:13 Emmanuel Mutai Kenya 28 September 2014 Berlin
Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich Kenya 25 September 2016 Berlin
6 2:03:38 Patrick Makau Musyoki Kenya 25 September 2011 Berlin
7 2:03:46 Guye Adola Ethiopia 24 September 2017 Berlin
8 2:03:51 Stanley Biwott Kenya 24 April 2016 London
9 2:03:59 Haile Gebrselassie Ethiopia 28 September 2008 Berlin
10 2:04:00 Mosinet Geremew Ethiopia 26 January 2018 Dubai
11 2:04:02 Leul Gebresilase Ethiopia 26 January 2018 Dubai
12 2:04:06 Tamirat Tola Ethiopia 26 January 2018 Dubai
Asefa Mengstu Ethiopia 26 January 2018 Dubai
14 2:04:08 Sisay Lemma Ethiopia 26 January 2018 Dubai
15 2:04:15 Geoffrey Mutai Kenya 9 September 2012 Berlin
Birhanu Legese Ethiopia 26 January 2018 Dubai [84]
17 2:04:23 Ayele Abshero Ethiopia 27 January 2012 Dubai
18 2:04:24 Tesfaye Abera Ethiopia 22 January 2016 Dubai
19 2:04:27 Duncan Kibet Kirong Kenya 5 April 2009 Rotterdam
James Kipsang Kwambai Kenya 5 April 2009 Rotterdam
21 2:04:28 Sammy Kirop Kitwara Kenya 12 October 2014 Chicago
22 2:04:32 Tsegaye Mekonnen Ethiopia 24 January 2014 Dubai
Dickson Kiptolo Chumba Kenya 12 October 2014 Chicago
24 2:04:33 Lemi Berhanu Ethiopia 22 January 2016 Dubai
25 2:04:38 Tsegay Kebede Ethiopia 7 October 2012 Chicago
Olympic medalists
Men
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
details Spiridon Louis (GRE) Charilaos Vasilakos (GRE) Gyula Kellner (HUN)
1900 Paris
details Michel Théato (FRA)[130] Émile Champion (FRA) Ernst Fast (SWE)
1904 St. Louis
details Thomas Hicks (USA) Albert Corey (USA)[131] Arthur Newton (USA)
1908 London
details Johnny Hayes (USA) Charles Hefferon (RSA) Joseph Forshaw (USA)
1912 Stockholm
details Ken McArthur (RSA) Christian Gitsham (RSA) Gaston Strobino (USA)
1920 Antwerp
details Hannes Kolehmainen (FIN) Jüri Lossmann (EST) Valerio Arri (ITA)
1924 Paris
details Albin Stenroos (FIN) Romeo Bertini (ITA) Clarence DeMar (USA)
1928 Amsterdam
details Boughera El Ouafi (FRA) Manuel Plaza (CHI) Martti Marttelin (FIN)
1932 Los Angeles
details Juan Carlos Zabala (ARG) Sam Ferris (GBR) Armas Toivonen (FIN)
1936 Berlin
details Sohn Kee-chung (JPN)[132] Ernest Harper (GBR) Nan Shoryu (JPN)[132]
1948 London
details Delfo Cabrera (ARG) Tom Richards (GBR) Étienne Gailly (BEL)
1952 Helsinki
details Emil Zátopek (TCH) Reinaldo Gorno (ARG) Gustaf Jansson (SWE)
1956 Melbourne
details Alain Mimoun (FRA) Franjo Mihalić (YUG) Veikko Karvonen (FIN)
1960 Rome
details Abebe Bikila (ETH) Rhadi Ben Abdesselam (MAR) Barry Magee (NZL)
1964 Tokyo
details Abebe Bikila (ETH) Basil Heatley (GBR) Kokichi Tsuburaya (JPN)
1968 Mexico City
details Mamo Wolde (ETH) Kenji Kimihara (JPN) Mike Ryan (NZL)
1972 Munich
details Frank Shorter (USA) Karel Lismont (BEL) Mamo Wolde (ETH)
1976 Montreal
details Waldemar Cierpinski (GDR) Frank Shorter (USA) Karel Lismont (BEL)
1980 Moscow
details Waldemar Cierpinski (GDR) Gerard Nijboer (NED) Satymkul Dzhumanazarov (URS)
1984 Los Angeles
details Carlos Lopes (POR) John Treacy (IRL) Charlie Spedding (GBR)
1988 Seoul
details Gelindo Bordin (ITA) Douglas Wakiihuri (KEN) Ahmed Salah (DJI)
1992 Barcelona
details Hwang Young-cho (KOR) Koichi Morishita (JPN) Stephan Freigang (GER)
1996 Atlanta
details Josia Thugwane (RSA) Lee Bong-ju (KOR) Erick Wainaina (KEN)
2000 Sydney
details Gezahegne Abera (ETH) Erick Wainaina (KEN) Tesfaye Tola (ETH)
2004 Athens
details Stefano Baldini (ITA) Mebrahtom Keflezighi (USA) Vanderlei de Lima (BRA)
2008 Beijing
details Samuel Wanjiru (KEN) Jaouad Gharib (MAR) Tsegay Kebede (ETH)
2012 London
details Stephen Kiprotich (UGA) Abel Kirui (KEN) Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich (KEN)
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details Eliud Kipchoge (KEN) Feyisa Lelisa (ETH) Galen Rupp (USA)
--------
Open Era tennis records – men's singles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Era_tennis_records_%E2%80%93_men%27s_singles
{We can see that it is mostly Western and European countries are winning the men's tennis records}.
----------------------
All-time tennis records – women's singles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_tennis_records_%E2%80%93_women%27s_singles
Grand Slam tournament records
Grand Slam Singles totals
Titles #
1 Australia Margaret Court 24
2 United States Serena Williams 23
3 West Germany Steffi Graf 22
4 United States Helen Wills Moody 19
5 United States Chris Evert 18
United States Martina Navratilova
7 United States Billie Jean King 12
8 United States Maureen Connolly 9
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/United States Monica Seles
10 Norway/United States Molla Mallory 8
France Suzanne Lenglen
Finals #
1 United States Chris Evert 34
2 Czechoslovakia/United States Martina Navratilova 32
3 West Germany Steffi Graf 31
4 Australia Margaret Court 29
United States Serena Williams
6 United States Helen Wills Moody 22
7 United States Doris Hart 18
United States Billie Jean King
Australia Evonne Goolagong Cawley
10 United States Helen Jacobs 16
United States Venus Williams
Semifinals #
1 United States Chris Evert 52
2 Czechoslovakia/United States Martina Navratilova 44
3 West Germany Steffi Graf 37
4 Australia Margaret Court 36
5 United States Serena Williams 34
6 United States Billie Jean King 26
7 United States Doris Hart 25
United States Louise Brough
9 United States Helen Wills Moody 22
Australia Evonne Goolagong Cawley
United States Venus Williams
Quarterfinals #
1 United States Chris Evert 54
2 Czechoslovakia/United States Martina Navratilova 53
3 United States Serena Williams 47
4 Australia Margaret Court 43
5 West Germany Steffi Graf 42
6 United States Billie Jean King 40
7 United States Venus Williams 38
8 Spain Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 34
9 United States Doris Hart 32
10 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/United States Monica Seles 31
United States Lindsay Davenport
---------------
Serena Williams and Steroids: Accusations and the Evidence of Use
https://steroidssaleguide.com/serena-williams-and-steroids-accusations-and-the-evidence-of-use/
--------------------
Here's why it's no surprise that a Russian hack revealed Simone Biles and the Williams sisters used 'banned' drugs
http://www.businessinsider.com/russian-hack-serena-venus-williams-simone-biles-exemptions-banned-drugs-2016-9
-------------
{The number one black Tennis player for women is on steroids.
The number one black high jumper and the number one black long jumper are on steroids as well.
Usain Bolt won first place for 100 meters and 200 meters, his team was found to be on steroids.
Every single men's running event listed in the following article below, has a problem with the first place winner and banned illegal substances, and they are all of African descent}.
---------
Athletics at the Summer Olympics
100 Meters - Illegal substances on the team (steroids)
200 Meters - Illegal substances on the team (steroids)
800 Meters - Steroids
1500 Meters - Steroids
5,000 Meters - Steroids
10,000 Meters - Steroids
Marathon - Steroids
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Summer_Olympics
-----------
{The Kenyans in the 5,000 m race, 10,000 m race and the marathons are tainted by steroid use.
We would now like to strip all these titles of these users of banned and illegal substances, and throw these titles into the steroid, drug and GMO steroid category of athletes. If you are going to use some of these drugs, you might as well genetically modify your body with other types of banned chemicals, to where there will be no end to these new steroids coming out on the market. I am glad I made this article, because many people had no idea this type of cheating is going on in the athletic community.
What if you could take a steroid or chemical so that when you reproduce, that steroid or chemical would make your offspring and children stronger when they are born?
We can see a pattern of steroid use, and why many African athletes that claim to be number one in an athletic field, were actually illegitimate steroid users that would lie on their use of using illegal substances in legitimate tournaments.
Now we can see that the number one black golfer named Tiger Woods, also has now tested positive for illegal substances}.
-------------
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins
Rank Name Year of birth and death Country Wins Majors Winning span (years)
1 Sam Snead H 1912–2002 United States 82 7 1936–1965 30
2 Tiger Woods 1975– United States 79 14 1996–2013 18
3 Jack Nicklaus H 1940– United States 73 18 1962–1986 25
4 Ben Hogan H 1912–1997 United States 64 9 1938–1959 22
5 Arnold Palmer H 1929–2016 United States 62 7 1955–1973 19
6 Byron Nelson H 1912–2006 United States 52 5 1935–1951 17
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_golfers_with_most_PGA_Tour_wins
{Most of the really good professional golf players were born in the early 1900s, such as Sam Snead, who currently has more PGA tour wins than even Tiger Woods.
Many of these good players did not have a chance to show up Tiger Woods on how to play golf. Even the golf club technology in the early 1900s was not as good as the golf clubs of today. Sam Snead was not on steroids either, such as how Tiger Woods was caught cheating and having illegal substances in his body}.
--------------------
Two of five drugs in Tiger Woods's system on his arrest banned by PGA Tour
https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/aug/15/tiger-woods-five-different-drugs-arrested-toxicology-report------------------
Tiger Woods paid Anthony Galea $76K for 14 visits, new book says
http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/tiger-woods-paid-anthony-galea-76k-14-visits-new-book-says------------
Report: Cowboys' Randy Gregory facing one-year NFL suspension
https://sports.yahoo.com/news/report-cowboys-randy-gregory-facing-one-year-nfl-suspension-180846225.html
--------------
Rams running back Trey Watts suspended indefinitely for banned substance
http://fox2now.com/2015/11/04/rams-running-back-trey-watts-suspended-indefinitely-for-drug-violation/
---------------
{Many of the claimed great black running backs, receivers, batters and fighters were even found to be on steroids, maybe we should have a steroid league for athletes. However, it is not good that athletes use these substances that can deform your body and cause genetic damage to your offspring. It is really sad how some of the most athletic people in the world have damaged their hearts, organs, their DNA and possibly their offspring if they choose to have children. We must ask what many of these banned substances will do to the human gene pool as well, when people decide to reproduce after taking these banned illegal substances for many years}.
---------------
Jaguars WR Justin Blackmon suspended for rest of 2013 season
https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/jaguars-wr-justin-blackmon-suspended-for-rest-of-2013-season/
------------------
Jon Jones removed from UFC 200 for possible drug violation; what happens next?
https://sports.yahoo.com/news/jon-jones-removed-from-ufc-200-for-possible-drug-violation-what-happens-next-044421271.html
--------------------
Kimbo Slice: Did Steroids Play A Part In His Tragic Death?
Just two months before his shocking death, Kimbo Slice tested positive for steroid use after the Bellator 149 fight. Could using steroids have been the reason his heart failed him at such a young age?
http://hollywoodlife.com/2016/06/07/kimbo-slice-steroids-tested-positive-heart-failure-death/
------------
Ervin Santana suspended 80 games after testing positive for steroids
https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/ervin-santana-suspended-80-games-after-testing-positive-for-steroids-205302969.html
-------------
Packers’ Guion suspended for the first four games of 2017 season
https://www.foxsports.com/wisconsin/story/green-bay-packers-letroy-guion-suspended-nfl-performance-enhancing-drugs-030717
-------------
Report: Allonzo Trier tests positive for performance-enhancing drugs
http://www.tucsonnewsnow.com/story/34293580/report-allonzo-trier-tests-positive-for-performance-enhancing-drugs
---------------
Athletes Banned For Steroid Use
Dwain Chambers
https://young.scot/information/body/athletes-banned-for-steroid-use/
---------------
The 15 Biggest Steroid, P.E.D., and Doping Scandals in Sports History
Rashid Ramzi, Track and Field
Ramzi showed that he was one of the elite athletes in his sport after winning the 800- and 1500-meter races at the 2005 World Championships, becoming the first man to ever win both events at the competition. A few years later, he won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing—the first ever for the nation of Bahrain—but that accomplishment soon was taken away after Ramzi tested positive for the banned blood-boosting substance CERA, and was stripped of his medal.
Manny Ramirez, Baseball
Ramirez is considered to be one of the best hitters in baseball history, but he also has had connections to performance-enhancing drugs. Ramirez was suspended for 50 games in 2009 after violating baseball’s drug policy for using human chorionic gonadotropin, which stimulates more testosterone production, while with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Early in the 2011 season, Ramirez violated the policy again and faced a 100-game ban, but he opted to retire instead.
Dee Gordon, Baseball
Gordon’s penalty for violating the MLB’s performance-enhancing drug policy may not be one of the “biggest scandals ever,” but it’s darkly symbolic for the wider sports world. Gordon is not considered a slugger by any stretch of the imagination—the slender second baseman weighs just 170lbs—and his positive test shows that it’s not just about power and home runs when it comes to using P.E.D.s.
Justin Gatlin, Track and Field
Marion Jones, Track and Field
Barry Bonds (Allegedly), Baseball
https://www.mensjournal.com/sports/15-biggest-steroid-ped-and-doping-scandals-sports-history/
--------------
Everyone’s Juicing
Latest raids of undercover steroid labs suggest the market for steroids goes way beyond the world of elite athletes.
https://www.propublica.org/article/raids-steroid-labs-suggest-market-for-steroids-beyond-elite-athletes
Earlier this month, the Drug Enforcement Administration announced that it had busted 16 underground labs and seized 134,000 steroid tablets and pills, 8,200 liters of injectable steroid liquid (that’s 140 kegs worth), and 1,400 pounds of the raw powder from which steroids are made. In Arizona alone, four labs and 150,000 doses of all types were taken by DEA agents in an undercover operation that spanned 20 states and four foreign countries.
There are, clearly, a lot of steroids out in the world. Investigators suspect there are hundreds more labs churning out performance-enhancing drugs. According to the DEA, most of the material used to make steroids isn’t even in the U.S. – it’s in China. As big as it was, the DEA inquiry offers a view through the smallest of keyholes of this illicit business.
One reasonable inference from the amount of steroids seized might be: there must be a heck of a lot of athletes who are doping. And that’s true.
This month, the British Parliament released a previously unpublished study by the World Anti-Doping Agency that used anonymous surveys to estimate the prevalence of doping at some recent competitions. It estimated that between 29 and 34 percent of the athletes at the 2011 world championships in track and field in Daegu, South Korea used performance-enhancing drugs that season. As many as half of the competitors at the 2011 Pan-Arab Games in Doha, Qatar had recently juiced, the study found. (I was at those Pan-Arab Games, and privy to the barely noted fact that nine gold medals were stripped before the event even ended.)
--------------
{Synthol use is big over in the Middle East}.
----------------
Clean and jerk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_and_jerk#World_records
105+ kg Hossein Rezazadeh 263.5 kilograms (581 lb)
{The current record is held by a Persian (Steroids)}
-------------------
Hossein Rezazadeh
In September 2008, Rezazadeh was named manager and head coach of Iran's national weightlifting team. In January 2009, he was blamed for positive results of the steroid tests of four Iranian weightlifters. Later on, one of the team members, Saeid Alihosseini accused him of using steroids in 2006. Rezazadeh has publicly vowed to fight doping in weightlifting.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Rezazadeh
-------------------
List of Olympic medalists in fencing (men)
Sabre, individual
Foil, individual
Épée, individual
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_fencing_(men)
{Notice how it is a mostly European countries that win in fencing}.
---------------------------
List of Olympic records in swimming
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_records_in_swimming
{Notice how it is mostly a white or Asian winning these events. Michael Phelps is mostly white and a little Jewish, and he was even smoking cannabis and breaking records in swimming, what an athlete}.
----------------------------------
Diving at the Summer Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_Summer_Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 United States (USA) 49 44 45 138
2 China (CHN) 40 19 10 69
3 Sweden (SWE) 6 8 7 21
4 Russia (RUS) 4 8 6 18
5 Soviet Union (URS) 4 4 6 14
6 Italy (ITA) 3 5 3 11
7 Australia (AUS) 3 3 7 13
8 United Team of Germany (EUA) 3 1 0 4
9 Germany (GER) 2 8 11 21
10 East Germany (GDR) 2 2 3 7
11 Mexico (MEX) 1 7 6 14
12 Canada (CAN) 1 4 8 13
13 Great Britain (GBR) 1 3 6 10
14 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 1 0 2
15 Denmark (DEN) 1 0 1 2
16 Greece (GRE) 1 0 0 1
------------------
Fastest Man in the World !
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5V356k-9a8
{It is a white guy, and he even appears to be disabled}.
-------------------------
List of world records in speed skating
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_speed_skating
{Notice how it is mostly people of European descent and Asians winning speed skating records}.
-----------------------------------
254.958kph Speed Ski World Record 2016, Fastest non-motorised humans on the planet.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR9jZjsvGN4
-----------------------------
X Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Games#Summer_X_Games
{Again, mostly people with European ancestry are winning in the X-games}.
-------------------
{Notice how many of the best skaters such as Tony Hawk, are mainly European descent. Look at all of the professional snowboarders and skiers that have European ancestry. Look at many of the really good wing suit videos and parachute stunts on the internet are done by many people with European ancestry}.
----------------
Winter X Games XXI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_X_Games_XXI
{ Haha, not one African or Arabic country up there on the record board. You know what they have to say in return to stuff like this, they come out with some movie such as Cool Runnings}.
------------
Bobsleigh at the Winter Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Germany (GER) 13 6 6 25
2 Switzerland (SUI) 9 11 11 31
3 United States (USA) 7 8 10 25
4 East Germany (GDR) 5 5 3 13
5 Canada (CAN) 5 2 2 9
6 Italy (ITA) 4 4 4 12
7 West Germany (FRG) 1 3 2 6
8 Austria (AUT) 1 2 0 3
9 Great Britain (GBR) 1 1 2 4
10 Soviet Union (URS) 1 0 2 3
11 Belgium (BEL) 0 1 1 2
Latvia (LAT) 0 1 1 2
Russia (RUS) 0 1 1 2
14 South Korea (KOR) 0 1 0 1
15 France (FRA) 0 0 1 1
Romania (ROU) 0 0 1 1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_Winter_Olympics
----------
Luge at the Winter Olympics
Medal table
Updated after 2018 Winter Olympics.
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Germany (GER) 18 10 9 37
2 East Germany (GDR) 13 8 8 29
3 Italy (ITA) 7 4 6 17
4 Austria (AUT) 6 8 8 22
5 United Team of Germany (EUA) 2 2 1 5
6 West Germany (FRG) 1 4 5 10
7 Soviet Union (URS) 1 2 3 6
8 United States (USA) 0 3 3 6
9 Russia (RUS) 0 3 0 3
10 Latvia (LAT) 0 1 3 4
11 Canada (CAN) 0 1 1 2
Total 48 46 47 141
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge_at_the_Winter_Olympics
---------
Biathlon World Cup
Norway 2017-18
Russia 2016-17
Norway 2015-16
Russia 2014-15
Germany 2013-14
Russia 2012-13
France 2011-12
Norway 2010-11
Norway 2009-10
Austria 2008-09
Norway 2007-08
Russia 2006-07
Germany 2005-06
Norway 2004-05
Norway 2003-04
Belarus 2002-03
Norway 2001-02
Norway 2000-01
Norway 1999-00
Germany 1998-99
Norway - Germany 1997-98
Germany 1996-97
Russia 1995-96
Russia 1994-95
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_World_Cup
{Americans and people of Europe are some of the better marksmen, and hold many records. Even some of the best snipers in the world are of European ancestry, and the snipers with the longest shots are Canadian and American}.
-----------------
Cross-country skiing at the Winter Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_Winter_Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Norway (NOR) 47 42 32 121
2 Sweden (SWE) 31 25 24 80
3 Soviet Union (URS) 25 22 21 68
4 Finland (FIN) 21 25 34 80
5 Russia (RUS) 14 10 9 33
6 Italy (ITA) 9 13 13 35
7 Estonia (EST) 4 2 1 7
8 Switzerland (SUI) 4 0 4 8
---------------
Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Austria (AUT) 37 41 43 121
2 Switzerland (SUI) 22 22 22 66
3 United States (USA) 17 20 10 47
4 France (FRA) 15 16 17 48
5 Italy (ITA) 14 9 9 32
6 Germany (GER) ^ 12 7 7 26
7 Norway (NOR) 11 13 12 36
8 Sweden (SWE) 7 2 9 18
9 Croatia (CRO) 4 6 0 10
10 Canada (CAN) 4 1 6 11
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_Winter_Olympics
------------
Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Norway (NOR) 13 10 8 31
2 Germany (GER) 5 5 4 14
3 Finland (FIN) 4 8 2 14
4 Austria (AUT) 3 2 10 15
5 East Germany (GDR) 3 0 4 7
6 Japan (JPN) 2 3 0 5
7 France (FRA) 2 1 1 4
8 West Germany (FRG) 2 1 0 3
9 United States (USA) 1 3 0 4
10 Switzerland (SUI) 1 2 1 4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_Winter_Olympics
----------
Speed skating at the Winter Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Netherlands (NED) 42 40 39 121
2 United States (USA) 29 22 17 68
3 Norway (NOR) 27 29 28 84
4 Soviet Union (URS) 24 17 19 60
5 Germany (GER) 13 15 10 38
6 Canada (CAN) 9 13 15 37
7 East Germany (GDR) 8 12 9 29
8 Finland (FIN) 7 8 9 24
9 Sweden (SWE) 7 4 5 16
10 South Korea (KOR) 5 8 3 16
11 Japan (JPN) 4 7 10 21
12 Russia (RUS) 3 5 5 13
13 Czech Republic (CZE) 3 2 2 7
14 West Germany (FRG) 3 0 0 3
15 Italy (ITA) 2 0 2 4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_Winter_Olympics
---------
Shooting at the Summer Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 United States (USA) 54 29 27 110
2 China (CHN) 22 15 19 56
3 Soviet Union (URS) 17 15 17 49
4 Italy (ITA) 16 15 11 42
5 Sweden (SWE) 15 24 18 57
6 Great Britain (GBR) 13 15 18 46
7 Norway (NOR) 13 8 11 32
8 Germany (GER) 10 9 5 24
9 France (FRA) 9 14 10 33
10 Russia (RUS) 7 13 11 31
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_Summer_Olympics
{I've seen it with my own eyes too many times, people of European descent and of
Oriental descent are very formidable when it comes to target sports, and are some of the best when it comes to shooting and target practice. The Oriental people claimed to even have invented gunpowder. Notice how Western and Oriental nations could both overthrow African and Middle Eastern nations if they wanted to in a war, and that both western nations and Oriental Nations have the highest IQ average as well. Western nations alone could defeat all of Africa and the Middle East, without the help of anyone else}.
-----------
Why Arabs Lose Wars
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZk4Yu42g0I
----------
Why Arabs Lose Wars (American Diplomacy)
http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_17/articles/deatkine_arabs1.html
----------
Why Arabs Lose Wars
http://gibiru.com/?cx=partner-pub-5956360965567042%3A8627692578&cof=FORID%3A11&ie=UTF-8&q=why+arabs+lose+wars&sa=Anon+Web+Search
--------
Archery at the Summer Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_Summer_Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 South Korea (KOR) 23 9 7 39
2 United States (USA) 14 11 9 34
3 Belgium (BEL) 11 6 3 20
4 France (FRA) 6 11 7 24
5 Great Britain (GBR) 2 2 5 9
6 Italy (ITA) 2 2 3 7
7 China (CHN) 1 6 2 9
8 Soviet Union (URS) 1 3 3 7
9 Finland (FIN) 1 1 2 4
Ukraine (UKR) 1 1 2 4
11 Australia (AUS) 1 0 2 3
{Look at this, the South Koreans do the best at archery in the Olympics, they also hold a gold medal in fencing ( Épée, individual). Being a Korean is being like an archer class. Europeans also have very good archers}.
---------------------
List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Table_Tennis_Championships_medalists
{It is mostly Orientals and Europeans winning the World Table Tennis Championships}.
-------------
Short track speed skating at the Winter Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 South Korea (KOR) 24 13 11 48
2 China (CHN) 10 15 8 33
3 Canada (CAN) 9 12 12 33
4 United States (USA) 4 7 9 20
5 Russia (RUS) 3 1 1 5
6 Italy (ITA) 2 4 5 11
7 Netherlands (NED) 1 2 2 5
8 Japan (JPN) 1 0 2 3
9 Australia (AUS) 1 0 1 2
10 Hungary (HUN) 1 0 0 1
11 Bulgaria (BUL) 0 2 1 3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating_at_the_Winter_Olympics
--------------------
Conte says coverup protected big stars at Seoul Games
Explosive allegations
Indeed, sports governing bodies are not immune to coverups, corruption and other scandals.Conte said he believes a coverup “all the way to the top” involved track and Olympic officials at the 1988 Seoul Games. He said sprinter Florence Griffith Joyner, heptathlete/long jumper Jackie Joyner-Kersee and 400-meter hurdler Andre Phillips — three marquee gold medalists — all tested positive for PEDs in the South Korean capital, and “they were all covered up.”
“And if you noticed what happened thereafter was that here at (28) years old Flo-Jo was at the height of her economic earning potential and all of a sudden she retires,” said Conte, looking back on the immediate aftermath of Griffith Joyner’s three-gold, one-silver medal haul in Seoul. “And Jackie Joyner also retires, (though) she did come back in 1992, four years later. . .”
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2015/08/11/more-sports/conte-says-coverup-protected-big-stars-seoul-games/#.WtGkYpdlDIU
---------------
Japanese skater Kei Saito banned from PyeongChang Olympics for alleged doping
Feb 2018
https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/winter-olympics-2018/first-athlete-banned-pyeongchang-olympics-alleged-doping-n847446
--------------
Systematic doping of Chinese athletes in Olympic Games revealed by former doctor
A former doctor has revealed the massive extent of
doping of Chinese Olympic athletes during the 1980s and 1990s. The
whistleblower has claimed more than 10,000 athletes were doped in the
state-backed program.
http://www.dw.com/en/systematic-doping-of-chinese-athletes-in-olympic-games-revealed-by-former-doctor/a-41065227
{It's over 9,000!!!}
-----------
{One thing I will also give to Orientals, is that even some of them are small, some have held the record in weightlifting for smaller framed people in light weight classes. European people still hold most of the weightlifting records on average, mainly in maximun weight records in a category for weightlifting. There are some people in the Middle East that also do fairly well for lifting in their weight class, and have different records as well}.
------------
Russia, Iran to lose Olympic weightlifting spots for doping
April 13, 2018
BUDAPEST, Hungary (AP) — Russia and Iran are among several nations who will lose places in the next Olympic weightlifting competition because of years of doping.
https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/04/13/russia-iran-to-lose-olympic-weightlifting-spots-for-doping/33795305/
-------
31 Turkish athletes suspended for doping
Track and field athletes banned for 2 years
http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/trackandfield/31-turkish-athletes-suspended-for-doping-1.1379647
{There are many Turkish weightlifters that are on steroids}.
---------------
List of Olympic records in weightlifting
Men's records
♦ denotes a performance that is also a current world record. Statistics are correct as of 9 September 2017.
| Event | Record | Athlete | Nation | Games | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 56 kg | ||||||
| Snatch | 138 kg | Halil Mutlu |  Turkey |
2000 Sydney | 16 September 2000 | |
| Clean & Jerk | 170 kg | Long Qingquan |  China |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 7 August 2016 | |
| Total | ♦307 kg | Long Qingquan | China |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 7 August 2016 | |
| 62 kg | ||||||
| Snatch | 153 kg | Kim Un-guk |  North Korea |
2012 London | 30 July 2012 | |
| Clean & Jerk | 177 kg | Óscar Figueroa |  Colombia |
2012 London | 30 July 2012 | |
| Total | 327 kg | Kim Un-guk | North Korea |
2012 London | 30 July 2012 | |
| 69 kg | ||||||
| Snatch | 165 kg | Georgi Markov |  Bulgaria |
2000 Sydney | 20 September 2000 | |
| Clean & Jerk | 196 kg | Galabin Boevski | Bulgaria |
2000 Sydney | 20 September 2000 | |
| Total | 357 kg | Galabin Boevski | Bulgaria |
2000 Sydney | 20 September 2000 | |
| 77 kg | ||||||
| Snatch | ♦177 kg | Lü Xiaojun | China |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 10 August 2016 | |
| Clean & Jerk | ♦214 kg | Nijat Rahimov |  Kazakhstan |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 10 August 2016 | |
| Total | 379 kg | Lü Xiaojun | China |
2012 London | 1 August 2012 | |
| 85 kg | ||||||
| Snatch | 180 kg | Giorgi Asanidze |  Georgia |
2000 Sydney | 23 September 2000 | |
| Clean & Jerk | 217 kg | Tian Tao | China |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 12 August 2016 | |
| Total | ♦396 kg | Kianoush Rostami |  Iran |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 12 August 2016 | |
| 94 kg | ||||||
| Snatch | 187 kg | Kourosh Bagheri | Iran |
2000 Sydney | 24 September 2000 | |
| Clean & Jerk | 224 kg | Szymon Kołecki |  Poland |
2008 Beijing | 17 August 2008 | |
| Total | 407 kg | Milen Dobrev | Bulgaria |
2004 Athens | 23 August 2004 | |
| 105 kg | ||||||
| Snatch | ♦200 kg | Andrei Aramnau |  Belarus |
2008 Beijing | 18 August 2008 | |
| Clean & Jerk | 237 kg | Ruslan Nurudinov |  Uzbekistan |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 15 August 2016 | |
| Total | 436 kg | Andrei Aramnau | Belarus |
2008 Beijing | 18 August 2008 | |
| +105 kg | ||||||
| Snatch | 216 kg | Behdad Salimi | Iran |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 16 August 2016 | |
| Clean & Jerk | ♦263 kg | Hossein Rezazadeh | Iran |
2004 Athens | 25 August 2004 | |
| Total | ♦473 kg | Lasha Talakhadze |  Georgia |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | 16 August 2016 | |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_records_in_weightlifting
-------------------
{The thing with Olympic records in weightlifting, is that they are often not the world record though. There are several records that beat many of the records in Olympic weightlifting, many of course will question if some of these people are on steroids as well. The Olympics get very political as well, and many people do not qualify for the Oplympics if they get too political as well, just as in many other types of professional venues and competitions such as the NFL and NBA. It also gets expensive for an individual to travel halfway across the world, to attempt to compete in an event. Many people also have families and career opportunities to make millions of dollars a year, many simply do not want to have to move to another state to go train under an Olypmic style environment and risk losing their job in another state}.
----------
Weightlifting at the Summer Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_Summer_Olympics
Medal table
As of the 2016 Summer Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Soviet Union (URS) 39 21 2 62
2 China (CHN) 31 15 8 54
3 United States (USA) 16 16 12 44
4 Bulgaria (BUL) 12 17 8 37
5 France (FRA) 9 3 3 15
6 Iran (IRI) 8 6 5 19
7 Turkey (TUR) 8 1 2 11
8 Germany (GER) 6 7 7 20
9 Poland (POL) 6 5 23 34
10 Greece (GRE) 6 5 4 15
11 North Korea (PRK) 5 7 5 17
12 Italy (ITA) 5 4 5 14
13 Unified Team (EUN) 5 4 0 9
14 Thailand (THA) 5 2 5 12
15 Egypt (EGY) 5 2 4 11
16 Russia (RUS) 3 8 7 18
17 South Korea (KOR) 3 4 5 12
18 Austria (AUT) 3 4 2 9
19 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 3 2 3 8
20 Ukraine (UKR) 3 1 1 5
21 Hungary (HUN) 2 9 9 20
22 Romania (ROU) 2 7 4 13
23 Japan (JPN) 2 3 9 14
24 West Germany (FRG) 2 2 3 7
25 Colombia (COL) 2 2 2 6
26 Cuba (CUB) 2 1 2 5
27 Georgia (GEO) 2 0 2 4
28 East Germany (GDR) 1 4 6 11
29 Belarus (BLR) 1 4 3 8
Kazakhstan (KAZ) 1 4 3 8
31 Estonia (EST) 1 3 3 7
Great Britain (GBR) 1 3 3 7
---------
China: 3 Olympic Weightlifters Fail Drugs Test From 2008
http://time.com/4465661/china-olympics-weightlifting-doping/
-------
Doping at the Olympic Games
This article is about the history of competitors at the Olympic Games using banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games
---------
WADA report implicates IAAF role in allowing Russian doping
http://www.espn.com/olympics/trackandfield/story/_/id/14569049/world-anti-doping-agency-report-implicates-iaaf-role-allowing-russian-doping
----------
Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total1 United States (USA) 14 7 10 31
2 Switzerland (SUI) 8 2 3 13
3 France (FRA) 4 4 4 12
4 Canada (CAN) 4 4 3 11
5 Russia (RUS) 2 2 1 5
6 Austria (AUT) 2 1 4 7
7 Czech Republic (CZE) 2 0 1 3
8 Germany (GER) 1 4 2 7
9 Australia (AUS) 1 2 1 4
10 Italy (ITA) 1 1 1 3
11 Netherlands (NED) 1 0 0 1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_Winter_Olympics
----------
Ice hockey at the Olympic Games
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Canada (CAN) 9 4 3 16
2 Soviet Union (URS) 7 1 1 9
3 United States (USA) 2 8 1 11
4 Sweden (SWE) 2 3 4 9
5 Czech Republic (CZE) 1 0 1 2
Great Britain (GBR) 1 0 1 2
7 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 1 0 0 1
Unified Team (EUN) 1 0 0 1
9 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 0 4 4 8
10 Finland (FIN) 0 2 4 6
11 Germany (GER) 0 1 1 2
Russia (RUS) 0 1 1 2
13 Switzerland (SUI) 0 0 2 2
14 West Germany (FRG) 0 0 1 1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_Olympic_Games
--------
Ski jumping at the Winter Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Norway (NOR) 11 10 14 35
2 Finland (FIN) 10 8 4 22
3 Austria (AUT) 6 9 10 25
4 Germany (GER) 6 6 1 13
5 Poland (POL) 4 3 2 9
6 Switzerland (SUI) 4 1 0 5
7 Japan (JPN) 3 5 4 12
8 East Germany (GDR) 2 3 2 7
9 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 2 4 7
10 United Team of Germany (EUA) 1 0 1 2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_Winter_Olympics
-------
Winter Olympic Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games
Ten most successful nations
Main article: All-time Olympic Games medal table
The table below uses official data provided by the IOC.
No. Nation Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Norway (NOR) 23 132 125 111 368
2 United States (USA) 23 105 110 90 305
3 Germany (GER) 12 92 86 60 238
4 Austria (AUT) 23 64 81 87 232
5 Canada (CAN) 23 73 64 62 199
6 Soviet Union (URS) 9 78 57 59 194
7 Finland (FIN) 23 43 63 61 167
8 Sweden (SWE) 23 57 46 55 158
9 Switzerland (SUI) 23 55 46 52 153
10 Netherlands (NED) 21 45 44 41 130
{You will notice that Norwegian people on average, are some of the biggest, tallest and most athletic people in the world}.
---------------------
Summer Olympic Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games
Ten most successful nations
#1: America
#2: Soviet Union
#3: Great Britain
#4: China
#5: France
#6: Italy
#7: Germany
#8: Hungary
#9: East Germany
#10: Russia
Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games
--------------------
Cycling at the Summer Olympics
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 France (FRA) 41 27 23 91
2 Italy (ITA) 33 16 10 59
3 Great Britain (GBR) 32 30 25 87
4 Netherlands (NED) 18 19 12 49
5 United States (USA) 16 21 18 55
6 Australia (AUS) 14 19 18 51
7 Germany (GER) 14 14 16 44
8 Soviet Union (URS) 11 4 9 24
9 Denmark (DEN) 7 9 10 26
10 Belgium (BEL) 7 7 11 25
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Summer_Olympics
-------------
Triathlon at the Summer Olympics
Medal table
Thirteen nations have split the thirty medals awarded in the triathlon events.| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Great Britain (GBR) |
2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
 Switzerland (SUI) |
2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |
| 3 |  Australia (AUS) |
1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 4 |  New Zealand (NZL) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 5 |  Canada (CAN) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
 Germany (GER) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
| 7 |  United States (USA) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 |  Austria (AUT) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 |  Portugal (POR) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
 Spain (ESP) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
 Sweden (SWE) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 12 |  Czech Republic (CZE) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 South Africa (RSA) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_Summer_Olympics
------
History Maker: Fastest Bicycle Rider in the World
Outside of the Worchester (Mass) Public Library stands a bronze two-sided monument honoring an African-American man who blazed the trail in cycling.  Born in Indiana in 1878, Marshall “Major†Taylor was coined the fastest bicycle rider in the world, setting seven world records according to the Major Taylor Association. Taylor won the World 1-mile Cycling Championship in Montreal in 1899 and in 1900 he returned to the U.S. and became the American sprint champion.
http://www.blackenterprise.com/history-maker-fastest-bicycle-rider-world/
{Sure he might have set records in the 1800s, but many people have beaten these old records, we can see a lot of newer technology in bicycles as well}.
--------------------
Strongman World Records
http://theworldsstrongestman.com/strongman-world-records/
(It is mostly Europeans that win the strongman competitions).
-----------------
Lumberjack World Championship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumberjack_World_Championship
----------------
Official Strongman
https://www.officialstrongman.com/
-----------------
The Armwrestling Archives
The Top 30 Pullers of the 1990s (Men)
{Top 3 armwrestlers in the 1990s were white, with the majority being white, and a few blacks up there as well, this is the same with the 1980s and 1970s armwrestling archives}.
The Armwrestling Archives
The Top 25 Pullers of the 1980s (Men)
The Armwrestling Archives
The Top 25 Pullers of the 1970s (Men)
https://www.thearmwrestlingarchives.com/top-25-pullers-of-the-1970s-men.html
----------
Overhead Press World Records
https://recordsetter.com/overhead-press-world-records
--------------
Men's shot put world record progression
World record progression
Mark Athlete Date Location
15.54 m Ralph Rose (USA) 21 August 1909 San Francisco, U.S.
15.79 m Emil Hirschfeld (GER) 6 May 1928 Breslau, Germany
15.87 m John Kuck (USA) 29 June 1928 Amsterdam, Netherlands
16.04 m Emil Hirschfeld (GER) 26 August 1928 Bochum, Germany
16.04 m František Douda (TCH) 4 October 1931 Brno, Czechoslovakia
16.05 m Zygmunt Heljasz (POL) 29 June 1932 Poznań, Poland
16.16 m Leo Sexton (USA) 27 August 1932 Freeport, U.S.
16.20 m František Douda (TCH) 24 September 1932 Prague, Czechoslovakia
16.48 m John Lyman (USA) 21 April 1934 Palo Alto, U.S.
16.80 m Jack Torrance (USA) 27 April 1934 Des Moines, U.S.
16.89 m Jack Torrance (USA) 30 June 1934 Milwaukee, U.S.
17.40 m Jack Torrance (USA) 5 August 1934 Oslo, Norway
17.68 m Charlie Fonville (USA) 17 April 1948 Lawrence, U.S.
17.79 m Jim Fuchs (USA) 28 July 1949 Oslo, Norway
17.82 m Jim Fuchs (USA) 29 April 1950 Los Angeles, U.S.
17.90 m Jim Fuchs (USA) 20 August 1950 Visby, Sweden
17.95 m Jim Fuchs (USA) 22 August 1950 Eskilstuna, Sweden
18.00 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 9 May 1953 Fresno, U.S.
18.04 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 5 June 1953 Compton, U.S.
18.42 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 8 May 1954 Los Angeles, U.S.
18.43 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 21 May 1954 Los Angeles, U.S.
18.54 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 11 June 1954 Los Angeles, U.S.
18.62 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 5 May 1956 Salt Lake City, U.S.
18.69 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 15 June 1956 Los Angeles, U.S.
19.06 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 3 September 1956 Eugene, U.S.
19.25 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 1 November 1956 Los Angeles, U.S.
19.25 m Dallas Long (USA) 28 March 1959 Santa Barbara, U.S.
19.30 m Parry O'Brien (USA) 1 August 1959 Albuquerque, U.S.
19.38 m Dallas Long (USA) 5 March 1960 Los Angeles, U.S.
19.45 m Bill Nieder (USA) 19 March 1960 Palo Alto, U.S.
19.67 m Dallas Long (USA) 26 March 1960 Los Angeles, U.S.
19.99 m Bill Nieder (USA) 2 April 1960 Austin, U.S.
20.06 m Bill Nieder (USA) 12 August 1960 Walnut, U.S.
20.08 m Dallas Long (USA) 18 May 1962 Los Angeles, U.S.
20.10 m Dallas Long (USA) 4 April 1964 Los Angeles, U.S.
20.20 m Dallas Long (USA) 29 May 1964 Los Angeles, U.S.
20.68 m Dallas Long (USA) 25 July 1964 Los Angeles, U.S.
21.52 m Randy Matson (USA) 8 May 1965 College Station, U.S.
21.78 m Randy Matson (USA) 23 April 1967 College Station
21.82 m Al Feuerbach (USA) 5 May 1973 San Jose, U.S.
21.85 m Terry Albritton (USA) 21 February 1976 Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
22.00 m Aleksandr Baryshnikov (URS) 10 June 1976 Paris, France
22.15 m Udo Beyer (GDR) 6 July 1978 Gothenburg, Sweden
22.22 m Udo Beyer (GDR) 25 June 1983 Los Angeles, U.S.
22.62 m Ulf Timmermann (GDR) 22 September 1985 Berlin, Germany
22.64 m Udo Beyer (GDR) 20 August 1986 Berlin, Germany
22.72 m Alessandro Andrei (ITA) 12 August 1987 Viareggio, Italy
22.84 m Alessandro Andrei (ITA) 12 August 1987 Viareggio, Italy
22.91 m Alessandro Andrei (ITA) 12 August 1987 Viareggio, Italy
23.06 m Ulf Timmermann (GDR) 22 May 1988 Chania, Greece
23.12 m Randy Barnes (USA) 20 May 1990 Los Angeles, U.S.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_shot_put_world_record_progression
{You have to be a real highlander to win in an event such as this}.
----------------
Hammer throw
Rank Mark Athlete Location Date Ref
1 86.74 m (284 ft 63⁄4 in) Yuriy Sedykh (SUN) Stuttgart 30 August 1986
2 86.04 m (282 ft 31⁄4 in) Sergey Litvinov (SUN) Dresden 3 July 1986
3 84.90 m (278 ft 61⁄2 in) Vadim Devyatovskiy (BLR) Minsk 21 July 2005
4 84.86 m (278 ft 43⁄4 in) Koji Murofushi (JPN) Prague 29 June 2003
5 84.62 m (277 ft 71⁄4 in) Igor Astapkovich (BLR) Seville 6 June 1992
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammer_throw
-------------
Longest Backhand Flight Distance (Men’s)
David Wiggins Jr.
https://www.bestdiscgolfdiscs.com/current-world-record-holding-disc-golf-discs/
------------------
Men's discus throw world record progression
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_discus_throw_world_record_progression
{Europeans have been throwing the discus since around the times of Ancient Greece.}
------------------
{Now let us pause for a minute and see the great accomplishments that our ancestors have set. We can see that Europeans are some of the top athletes in the world.
Now we can see with trying to genetically modify humans and newly introduced chemicals, that many think the humans of the future will be able to beat many of these current records with enhanced technology. We can see the amount of people trying to use steroids and drug enhancing chemicals in professional sports, where many question what kinds of steroids will be available in the next thousands of years.
Many people question what the future humans will be able to accomplish with genetics, training, technology and medicine. Many people say that are trying to genetically modify what they consider the perfect human. They want humans that could even bring up the internet in their brain, where you could use a cellphone even installed into your body}.
------------------
Men's javelin throw world record progression
Record progression
Mark Athlete Date Location
62.32 Eric Lemming (SWE) 29 September 1912 Stockholm, Sweden
66.10 Jonni Myyrä (FIN) 25 August 1919 Stockholm, Sweden
66.62 Gunnar Lindström (SWE) 12 October 1924 Eksjö, Sweden
69.88 Eino Penttilä (FIN) 8 October 1927 Viipuri, Finland
71.01 Erik Lundqvist (SWE) 15 August 1928 Stockholm, Sweden
71.57 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 8 August 1930 Viipuri, Finland
71.70 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 17 August 1930 Tampere, Finland
71.88 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 31 August 1930 Vaasa, Finland
72.93 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 14 September 1930 Viipuri, Finland
74.02 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 27 June 1932 Turku, Finland
74.28 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 25 May 1933 Mikkeli, Finland
74.61 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 7 June 1933 Vaasa, Finland
76.10 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 15 June 1933 Helsinki, Finland
76.66 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 7 September 1934[1] Turin, Italy
77.23 Matti Järvinen (FIN) 18 June 1936 Helsinki, Finland
77.87 Yrjö Nikkanen (FIN) 25 August 1938 Karhula, Finland
78.70 Yrjö Nikkanen (FIN) 16 October 1938 Kotka, Finland
80.41 Bud Held (USA) 8 August 1953 Pasadena, CA, United States
81.75 Bud Held (USA) 21 May 1955 Modesto, CA, United States
83.56 Soini Nikkinen (FIN) 24 June 1956 Kuhmoinen, Finland
83.66 Janusz Sidło (POL) 30 June 1956 Milan, Italy
85.71 Egil Danielsen (NOR) 26 November 1956 Melbourne
86.04 Albert Cantello (USA) 5 June 1959 Compton, CA, United States
86.74 Carlo Lievore (ITA) 1 June 1961 Milan, Italy
87.12 Terje Pedersen (NOR) 1 July 1964 Oslo, Norway
91.72 Terje Pedersen (NOR) 2 September 1964 Oslo, Norway
91.98 Jānis Lūsis (URS) 23 June 1968 Saarijärvi, Finland
92.70 Jorma Kinnunen (FIN) 18 June 1969 Tampere, Finland
93.80 Jānis Lūsis (URS) 6 July 1972 Stockholm, Sweden
94.08 Klaus Wolfermann (FRG) 5 May 1973 Leverkusen, West Germany
94.58 Miklós Németh (HUN) 25 July 1976 Montreal, Canada
96.72 Ferenc Paragi (HUN) 23 April 1980 Tata, Hungary
99.72 Tom Petranoff (USA) 15 May 1983 Los Angeles, United States
104.80 Uwe Hohn (GDR) 20 July 1984 East Berlin, East Germany
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_javelin_throw_world_record_progression
{It is mostly all people of European descent winning in this event.}
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Major league lacrosse (Record Book)
https://www.majorleaguelacrosse.com/articles/record-book
-----------------------
Category: Rugby union records and statistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_records_and_statistics
(Again, European countries are running circles around African and Arabic countries in Rugby and Soccer).
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FIFA World Cup
(Championship Map)
Results
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List of sumo tournament top division champions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sumo_tournament_top_division_champions
{The Japanese are good at Sumo wrestling, Europeans will win the championships as well. The Japanese are also very good at baseball, skiing, including different winter Olympic events and gaming}.
----
2017 US SUMO OPEN - 17th Annual | USA SUMO
Men's Openweight:
1st: Takeshi Amitani
5’7″
245 lbs
Japan
2nd: Konstantin Abdula-Zade
6’0″
241 lbs
Russia
3rd: Yevhenii Orlov
6’1″
280 lbs
Ukraine
Men's Heavyweight:
1st: Byambajav Ulambayar
6’1″
336 lbs
Mongolia
2nd: Yevhenii Orlov
6’1″
280 lbs
Ukraine
3rd: Ramy Elgazar
6’3″
459 lbs
Egypt
https://www.usasumo.com/us-sumo-open/2017-us-sumo-open/
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World Judo Championships
All-time medal count
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total1 Japan 145 87 105 337
2 France 55 34 77 166
3 South Korea 27 10 60 97
4 China 21 13 22 56
5 Cuba 20 22 41 83
6 Great Britain 16 17 31 64
7 Netherlands 15 21 41 77
8 Soviet Union 11 13 33 57
9 Russia 8 17 39 64
10 Belgium 8 14 21 43
11 Brazil Brazil 7 18 28 53
12 Germany 7 13 30 50
13 Poland 6 4 23 33
14 Georgia 5 10 18 33
15 Italy 5 7 19 31
16 North Korea 5 5 8 18
17 United States 4 8 17 29
18 Mongolia 4 4 13 21
19 Austria 4 2 8 14
20 East Germany 3 3 14 20
21 Uzbekistan 3 2 7 12
22 Greece 3 2 2 7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Judo_Championships
{Japanese are also very good at Judo.}
------------
{Why is it that the Japanese are some of the smartest people, and they have recently banned Muslims from entering and living in Japan. The Japanese people do not want Sharia Law from trying to ruin and genocide off the Japanese people and culture. For more information on this topic, view our article IslamicShariaGenocide.Blogspot.com }
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World Jiu-Jitsu Championship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Jiu-Jitsu_Championship#10_Time_World_Championships
{Brazil and South America have some of the best Jiu-Jitsu fighters, boxers and MMA fighters, and so do people of European ancestry. We can see that South American teams are also some of the best teams in FIFA and soccer, as well as European teams}.
-------------
Ken Shamrock on Royce Gracie Fights!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTmxttNrw_c---------
DAN SEVERN ON KEN SHAMROCK & STEROIDS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9Iz-eze-xU----------
Ken Shamrock on Dan Severn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUPHPz4A6ZM---------
Arnold Schwarzenegger Tells The Truth About His Steroids Use Back In The 70's
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiHu6Y6UOdI
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{So what if one guy on steroids can jump 1 inch higher or farther than another, I am sure you can eventually find another person to beat that record. Just think if we just ended sports, what good is all that running and jumping going to do in a society that requires intelligence for inventing, and jobs that require higher level of intelligence. You know if the Muslims take over and create Sharia Law, they would try to ban many of these sports that we are talking about.
The future of the world is going to be about how smart people are, and if we
can colonize space. We would want to try and reach or get close to our bodies full potential, it is good to stay active and healthy, and to push the limits and to challenge each other to do better. It is good that we can see how we have progressed in running, jumping, strength and other activities through the years. It is about trying to master both your physical and mental health and keep them at their best}.
----------------
Top 10 Guinness World Records in Surfing
http://obxsurfinfo.com/2016/05/top-10-guinness-world-records-surfing/
{I will admit that some of the surfing competitions are rigged, it is mostly who you know, and
gets very political with sponsors as well. Europeans and Asian Polynesians are very good at ocean sports and navigating the oceans}.
-----------------------
List of world records in rowing
Men
M1x
Single sculls: New Zealand 2017
M2-
Coxless pairs: New Zealand 2012
M2+
Coxed pairs: New Zealand 2014
M2x
Double sculls: Croatia 2014
M4-
Coxless four: Great Britain 2012
M4+
Coxed four : Germany 1991
M4x Quad sculls: Ukraine 2014
M8 + eight: Germany 2017
Leightweight single sculls: Italy 2014
Leightweight coxless pairs: Switzerland 2014
Leightweight double sculls: South Africa 2014
Lightweight coxless four: Denmark 2014
Lightweight quad sculls: Greece 2014
Lightweight eight: Germany 1992
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_rowing
{Some of the best navigators and people for rowing are from western nations, as we
can see with the world records in rowing. This is how many Europeans were able to get to America many thousands of years ago, by rowing and sailing by boat}.
-----------------
List of world records in indoor rowing
Heavyweight men
Event Name Nationality Result Season Split
100 metres Ross Love United States 12.8 2017 1:04.0
500 metres Leo Young Australia 1:10.5 1991 1:10.5
1000 metres Sam Loch Australia 2:39.5 2017 1:19.7
2000 metres Josh Dunkley-Smith Australia 5:35.8 2018 1:23.9
5000 metres Mohamed Sbihi Great Britain 14:54.5 2016 1:29.4
6000 metres Martin Sinkovic Croatia 18:03.1 2016 1:30.2
10000 metres Eric Murray New Zealand 31:05.2 2015 1:33.2
Half marathon Eric Murray New Zealand 1:07:58.1 2014 1:36.6
Full marathon Ben de Wit Canada 2:21:08.7 2016 1:40.3
1 minute Loren Howard United States 429 2018 1:09.9
30 minutes Kjetil Borch Norway 9434 2016 1:35.4
60 minutes Hamish Bond New Zealand 18443 2014 1:37.6
Lightweight men
Event Name Nationality Result Season Split
100 metres Sebastian Gulka Canada 14.6 2017 1:13.5
500 metres Gregg Stephens United States 1:20.1 2005 1:20.1
1000 metres Jason Osborne Germany 2:54.2 2014 1:27.1
2000 metres Henrik Stephansen Denmark 5:56.7 2013 1:29.1
5000 metres Tim Male Great Britain 16:05.6 2000 1:36.5
6000 metres Lucas Schäfer Germany 19:21.8 2017 1:36,8
10000 metres Augusto Farfan Peru 32:15.7 2005 1:36.7
Half marathon Jesper Jensen Denmark 1:13:12.9 2017 1:44.1
Full marathon Jesper Jensen Denmark 2:29:31.7 2012 1:46.3
1 minute Matthew Segal Canada 379 2016 1:19.1
Jasper Liu United States 379 2017
30 minutes Donald Evans Great Britain 8893 2016 1:41.2
60 minutes William Solberg United States 17402 2017 1:43.4
Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_indoor_rowing
------------
Top 5 Record Breaking Dives
https://www.commercialdivingacademy.com/top-5-record-breaking-dives.cms
{So far it is a half white and half Middle Easterner, followed by mostly westerners}.
--------------
Spanish man climbs Mount Everest in fastest known time, completely on his own
Kilian Jornet used neither bottled oxygen or fixed ropes
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mount-everest-fasted-time-climb-kilian-jornet-a7752006.html
-------------
List of Mount Everest records
Fastest ascents
| Record name | Record | Owner | Nation | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fastest ascent from Everest South Base Camp with supplemental oxygen |
8 hours and 10 minutes | Pemba Dorje |  Nepal |
May 21, 2004 | |
| Fastest ascent from Everest South Base Camp without supplemental oxygena |
20 hours and 24 minutes | Aman Kumar Sinha |  India |
October 17, 2008 | |
| Fastest ascent without supplemental oxygen and fastest ascent from Everest North Base Camp |
16 hours and 45 minutes | Hans Kammerlander |  Italy |
May 24, 1996 | |
| Longest stay on the summit | 21 hours | Babu Chiri Sherpa | Nepal |
May 6, 1999 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_records#Fastest_ascents
{Many people from Tibet, India and Pakistan live in very mountainous areas, and many of
these races of people hold records in many different climbing ascents. There are thousands of
different mountains and cliffs to set records in the world, and climbing is all about skill. I believe that people who live and adapt to high altitudes most of their lives, are going to have a huge advantage to climbing giant mountains, than someone who has adapted to living at sea level all of their lives.}
{Theory: If blacks are built more for speed and jumping, are Asians and Europeans built more for being able to climb mountains such as Everest. We see that Orientals do very well
at gymnastics, archery, target sports, fencing and even video games}.
World Sauna Championships
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Sauna_Championships
{Notice how it is just a bunch of Nordic countries winning constantly}.
----------
Sauna contest leaves Russian dead and champion Finn in hospital
Annual competition in Finland ended after challenger Vladimir Ladyzhenskiy dies after enduring 110C heat
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/08/sauna-championship-russian-dead
--------
{Games such as volleyball can be more of a mixed race sport, and you see many different types of people win all the time. Notice how the 2017 World Cup Championship for men's Volleyball had mostly white people on it, while the other teams had less white people}.
Men's World Cup Championships (Volleyball)
With a record five European Champions League titles under their belt (including the last three editions) Zenit Kazan are the powerhouse of European club volleyball.
1 Zenit Kazan {Mostly an all white team, 1 black guy}
2 Lube Civitanova (Mostly an all white team}
3 Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei {Around a half black team}
4 SKRA Belchatow
5 Shanghai Volleyball Club {All Asian team}
http://clubworldchampionships.2017.men.fivb.com/en
---------------
{Most of the best race car drivers and motocross athletes are of European descent.
Sports such as BMX and downhill mountain biking continues to be dominated by people of European ancestry.
Most of the best people who are best at professional bowling are people of European ancestry}.
------------
List of World Chess Championships
List of World Chess Championships
Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Chess_Championships
{Now we can see why the government can see Europeans as a threat to the One World Order establishment, because white people have some of the highest IQ's on average, as well as Northern Asians}.
--------------------
Human Nature Matters
The only way to construct a robust philosophy for life is to have a clear and realistic picture of what makes humans tick
https://aeon.co/essays/theres-no-philosophy-of-life-without-a-theory-of-human-nature
--------------------
An honest conversation about race is not allowed
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/an-honest-conversation-about-race-is-not-allowed/2017/08/14/62f159b8-8111-11e7-b359-15a3617c767b_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.9c8529ffc027
---------------------
Scientific racism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism#Lord_Kames
------------------
High school student's science project linking race, low intelligence spurs investigation
Feb 2018
http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-race-high-school-20180211-story.html
--------------
Race, Ethnicity, and Genomics: Social Classifications as Proxies of Biological Heterogeneity
https://genome.cshlp.org/content/12/6/844.full.html
--------------
{Some people are offended when you talk about humans, race and intelligence. We can see
that people get way less upset if you talk about the smartest breeds of dogs instead}.
---------
Simply Ingenious - 10 Smartest Dog Breeds
1. Border Collie: A workaholic, this breed is the world's premier sheep herder, prized for its intelligence, extraordinary instinct, and working ability.
2. Poodle: Exceptionally smart and active. Bred to retrieve things from the water. The miniature variety may have been used for truffle hunting.
3. German Shepherd: The world's leading police, guard, and military dog -- and a loving family companion and herder.
https://www.petmd.com/dog/pet_lover/evr_dg_smart_dogs
------
13 Smartest Cat Breeds In The World
https://savemoreanimals.org/smartest-cat-breed/
-------
Most Intelligent Cat Breeds – How clever is your cat?
Cat IQ test
https://www.thehappycatsite.com/most-intelligent-cat-breeds/
--------
Fish intelligence
Fish intelligence is "...the resultant of the process of acquiring, storing in memory, retrieving, combining, comparing, and using in new contexts information and conceptual skills" as it applies to fish.
According to Culum Brown from Macquarie University, "Fish are more intelligent than they appear. In many areas, such as memory, their cognitive powers match or exceed those of ‘higher’ vertebrates including non-human primates."
Fish hold records for the relative brain weights of vertebrates. Most vertebrate species have similar brain-to-body mass ratios. The deep sea bathypelagic bony-eared assfish, has the smallest ratio of all known vertebrates. At the other extreme, the electrogenic elephantnose fish, an African freshwater fish, has one of the largest brain-to-body weight ratios of all known vertebrates (slightly higher than humans) and the highest brain-to-body oxygen consumption ratio of all known vertebrates (three times that for humans)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_intelligence
--------
Reptiles Are Really Intelligent; We Were Just Giving Them the Wrong Tests
Now that scientists are coming up with new experiments and methods, they’re realizing that there’s a lot more to the reptile brain than they once thought
Read more: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/reptiles-are-really-intelligent-we-were-just-giving-them-the-wrong-tests-180947769/#StM2C6utIfreMtqR.99
---------
Jumping Spiders: Smarter than the Average Spider
http://thescienceexplorer.com/nature/jumping-spiders-smarter-average-spider
---------
Meet your worst nightmare: Portia, the world’s most intelligent spider
https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/543979/portia-worlds-most-intelligent-spider-hunting-thinking-clever-calculate-the-hunt-video
---------
{Why is it that some birds are smarter than others? Why is it that some Parrots are smarter than other Parrots? Why is it that some birds can run and jump faster than other birds, while other species of birds are the fastest at flying? Why is it that some birds have a different type of skeletal structures than other birds?
----------
Bird intelligence
Bird intelligence deals with the definition of intelligence and its measurement as it applies to birds. The difficulty of defining or measuring intelligence in non-human animals makes the subject difficult for scientific study. Anatomically, birds (the 10,000 species of which are the direct living descendants of, and so are, theropod dinosaurs) have relatively large brains compared to their head size. The visual and auditory senses are well developed in most species, while the tactile and olfactory senses are well realized only in a few groups. Birds communicate using visual signals as well as through the use of calls and song. The testing of intelligence is therefore based on studying the responses to sensory stimuli.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_intelligence
--------
The Most Intelligent Birds In The World
When you think about all of the animals in the world, you quickly realize that birds are, in fact, amongst some of the most intelligent creatures we have on Earth. Although there are more than 10,000 bird species worldwide, only a handful of them have made the list for extremely talented and incredibly intelligent. So who are these super intelligent feathered friends? It’s not easy to really say who is number one or number 2, or to choose the smartest and brightest of them all. But this blog gives you a overview, of what birds have made the top of the list in most bird intelligence studies around the world. So sit back and be amazed how smart some of our feathered friends really are!
Crows
Kea
Raven
African Grey
Mccaws
Cockatoo
Amazon Parrots
Jays
https://wingspanoptics.com/blogs/field-journal/the-most-intelligent-birds-in-the-world
----------
World’s smartest birds
https://www.welcomewildlife.com/worlds-smartest-birds/
-------------
{You will always hear multiple people say that the smartest parrot is an African Grey, followed by some of the birds you see in the following article. Why is it that so many people I know say that the African Grey Parrot is always one of the top smartest Parrots out there?
---------
Top 10 Smartest Talking Birds In The World
#1 African Grey Parrot
https://themysteriousworld.com/top-10-talking-birds-in-the-world/
----------
Top 5 smartest pet birds
1. African Grey Parrot
2. Macaws and Cockatoos
3. Budgerigar (budgies)
4. Conures, Green Amazons, Parakeets, Quakers, Lovebirds
5. Canaries, Finches and Bantam Chickens
http://www.canadianliving.com/life-and-relationships/pets/article/top-5-smartest-pet-birds
---------------
The Top 3 Smartest Pet Birds
1. The Intelligent African Grey Parrot
2. The Smartest Parakeet, The Budgerigar
3. The Clever Cockatoo
https://www.petcha.com/the-top-3-smartest-pet-birds/
---------------
Top 10 Smartest Talking Birds in the World
1. African Grey Parrot
https://earthnworld.com/2017/05/top-10-smartest-talking-birds-in-the-world/
------------
10 Most Intelligent Animals In The World
https://themysteriousworld.com/top-10-most-intelligent-animals-in-the-world/
10: Ant
9: Crow
8: Otters
7: Pig
6: Octopus
5: Dog
4: Whale
3: Elephant
2: Dolphin
1: Great Ape
-----------
Top 10 Smartest Animals
https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/10-smartest-animals.htm
10: Rat
9: Octopus
8: Pigeon
7: Squirrel
6: Pig
5: Crow
4: Elephant
3: Orangutan
2: Dolphin
1: Chimpanzee
----------
What Are the Smartest Primates?
The battle for IQ amongst our primate relatives.
http://discovermagazine.com/2006/nov/primate-iq-hierarchy
The Hierarchy of Primate Intelligence
1 Human
2 Orangutan
3 Chimpanzee
4 Spider monkey
5 Gorilla
6 Surili
7 Macaque
8 Mandrill
9 Guenon
10 Mangabey
11 Capuchin
-----
Monkey ‘IQ test’ hints at intelligent human ancestor
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17318-monkey-iq-test-hints-at-intelligent-human-ancestor/
-----
Smartest Orangutan in the World - Most intelligent Monkey Ever!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g2FIZohfXc
------
Human Evolution: The Origin of Tool Use
The way humans make and use tools is perhaps what sets our species apart more than anything else. Now scientists are more and more uncovering the forces that drove our lineage to our heights of tool use — and how tool use, in turn, might have influenced our evolution.
https://www.livescience.com/7968-human-evolution-origin-tool.html
{Notice how certain cultures of humans create advanced tools over other humans, and how they are able to advance their society greater than other civilizations and groups of people. We can see how technology plays a big role in human development as well, including the advancement and acceleration of future technology}.
---------
Why Do Women Have Smaller Brains Than Men? "A Real Scientific Paradox"
Black men have a larger brain than do white women, even when you correct the body size. Black men have a much lower IQ than white women. To a scientist and researcher, how do you explain this paradox of brain size in the scientific community?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F29SrufZyF4
---------
Fertility and intelligence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_and_intelligence#Criticisms
The relationship between fertility and intelligence has been investigated in many demographic studies, with contradicting evidence that on a population level, intelligence is negatively correlated with fertility rate, and positively correlated with survival rate of offspring. The combined net effect of these two forces on ultimate population intelligence is not well studied and is unclear. It is theorized that if an inverse correlation of IQ with fertility rate were stronger than the correlation of survival rate, and if heritable factors involved in IQ were consistently expressed in populations with different fertility rates, and if this continued over a significant number of generations, it could lead to a decrease in population IQ scores. The Flynn effect demonstrates an increase in phenotypic IQ scores over time, but confounding environmental factors during the same period of time preclude any conclusion concerning underlying change in genotypic IQ. Other correlates of IQ include income and educational attainment, which are also fertility factors that are inversely correlated with fertility rate, and are to some degree heritable.
------
{Ancient races such as the Maya, and the people of Central America were very smart and had advanced astronomy. Why is it that many of the Central Americans we see today, are so dumbed-down compared to their ancestors many hundreds and thousands of years ago. We can see that many governments are responsible for keeping the masses dumbed-down, and that many of these races should have on average a higher IQ, but they do not, because their government keeps them ignorant. Look at how corrupt most of the governments are in Africa, while it is just some black guy enslaving another black, and this has been going on for thousands of years. We know the government wants to dumb-down the population, but do you really want the people to be that dumb? What about all the chemicals the media claims the government allows in our food and water, in order to keep us dumbed-down? How can we even give people the opportunity to test properly, if they are being chemically and biologically attacked by the government and by groups such as Monsanto.
There is a saying, the saying is that the smartest rulers keep the masses dumbed-down the most.
What would be the IQ average of some of the ancient Maya people, compared to the people living in Mesoamerica territory today? Many still question with multiple theories, why the Maya civilization went extinct}.
----------
Malnutrition Causes Severe Stunting in Guatemalan Children - ABC
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/malnutrition-severe-stunting-guatemalan-children/story?id=12381731
---------
{Malnutrition in different areas of the world has been going on for thousands and thousands of years, this is why some people have stunted their growth more than others. Some question if there were ancient humans that were taller, stronger and faster than current humans we see today. There are many different documentaries and books on many types of giant organisms that existed in ancient times as well}.
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Study: Financial Stress Dramatically Lowers Your IQ
Research shows that feeling poor lowers a person’s IQ test score as much as a night without sleep.
https://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/my-money/2013/10/23/study-financial-stress-dramatically-lowers-your-iq
----------------------
Toxic combination of air pollution and poverty lowers child IQ
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150429182438.htm
---------------
Top 10 Toxins that May Be Lowering Your Child’s IQ Right Now
Flame Retardants
Fluoride
Lead
Triclosan
Mercury
PFCs or Perfluorinated compounds
Arsenic
Toluene
Manganese
Phthalates
https://www.mamavation.com/featured/top-10-toxins-that-may-be-lowering-your-childs-iq-right-now.html
{Strange, but nearly most of these harmful chemicals are found in clothing and cosmetic products marketed to Africans and Hispanics}.
-------------
Study Warns: Kids Who Eat Fast Food Have Lower IQs
https://www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/study-warns-kids-who-eat-fast-food-have-lower-iqs/
-------------
These Ubiquitous Chemicals May Be Making Us Stupid
2014
You may not think much about the class of industrial chemicals called phthalates, which are used both to make plastics more flexible and to dissolve other chemicals. But you’re quite likely on intimate terms with them. According to the Centers for Disease Control, they’re found in “vinyl flooring, adhesives, detergents, lubricating oils, automotive plastics, plastic clothes (raincoats), and personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, hair sprays, and nail polishes).”
https://www.motherjones.com/food/2014/12/ubiquitous-chemical-thats-making-us-stupid/
--------------
{We can see how many of the elite have their own organic food grown for them in their own private greenhouses. The elite of the world have all of their clothes, home interiors and car interiors custom made with organic and natural fibers. Even when blacks finally get money, half of them spend it on clothing that is poisoning them, including many other everyday consumer items they purchase that is marketed to them. It is funny how you many of these gangster rappers dressed up in all the toxic clothing that can accelerate cancer that we see in our reports. How many of these people do you honestly think are really going to have the IQ to comprehend or even care.
Haha you fools, the man has you right where he wants. Now go out and buy some toxic shoes or some basketball jersey made in China that is marketed to you. Do you see how they have these idiots covering themselves in all synthetic materials made by petrochemical companies.
At this rate, we can see how certain parts of society have regressed, while other parts of society have evolved with science and technology}.
------------
------------
Chapter 3: Science & Invention
-----------
-----------
{Why do we even see some half black and half white scientists up on TV? Many of these
scientists must be smart to be up on TV, am I right?
We must question how much NASA is lying to many people, including this Neil deGrasse Tyson character, who is actually more of an actor they just put up there to say they have a black man in some high level position up in there. Neil deGrasse Tyson really is more of an actor than a scientist}.
-------
Neil deGrasse Tyson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_deGrasse_Tyson
-------
Scientists Who Are Actually Really Stupid: #1, Neil deGrasse Tyson
2015
http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2015/12/21/scientists-who-are-actually-really-stupid-1-neil-degrasse-tyson/
Neil deGrasse Tyson made the decision a long time ago to be a sort of media cheerleader for science instead of an actual scientist, and although he isn’t a great communicator, it was the right decision because he was unlikely ever to trouble the Nobel committee. Also, he is stupid and his politics are dumb.
Tyson, whom liberals love because they are racists who can’t believe a black guy could be smart enough to be a scientist and so spontaneously ejaculate and soil themselves every time they see him on TV, hasn’t published anything of note for years. The advantage of being a celebrity scientist is that you don’t actually have to do any science. You’re exempted from the usual “publish or perish” rules.
Even when he was making a go of being a proper academic, Tyson didn’t exactly have the most glittering record. He didn’t get the PhD he was studying for at the University of Texas and had to go elsewhere for his qualification. Obviously, rather than take responsibility for his academic performance, Tyson has blamed racism. In reality, Tyson was playing in bands and appearing on stage instead of completing essays. Typical science PhD students are at any given time either studying, teaching or sleeping.
It’s tough to avoid the conclusion that much of what is frustrating about Neil deGrasse Tyson stems from identity politics and the victimhood ideology peddled by leftist academics and journalists. Despite all his media success, Tyson insists that racism is responsible for his academic failures, alluding to sinister “forces” that keep women and ethnic minorities down.
----
{Wow, that is messed up, they are even attacking Neil deGrasse Tyson, man it is a cold world out there.}
--------
{We believe that a black man has just as much right to live as a white man. Do our children not enjoy the freedom to play and enjoy life as much as your children? What about many of the great African inventors? Many different people of all races even think differently, and come up with new inventions}.
-------
List of African-American inventors and scientists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists
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10 African Inventors You Did Not Know
https://www.africanexponent.com/post/8116-10-african-inventors-you-did-not-know
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10 Under 30 African Inventors Set To Change The World
http://venturesafrica.com/10-under-30-african-inventors-set-to-change-the-world/
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LIST OF KNOWN AFRICAN-AMERICAN INVENTORS 1845-1980
http://johnmpinto.com/blkinvlist.pdf
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List of African-American mathematicians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_mathematicians
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Ancient Egyptian Inventions
https://discoveringegypt.com/ancient-egyptian-inventions/
{Many cannot even list all of the inventions of Ancient Egypt. We know that Egypt has been invaded and conquered multiple times by foreign nations and armies that brought foreign technology to Egypt as well}.
---------
How Islamic inventors changed the world
Though the Chinese invented saltpetre gunpowder, and used it in their fireworks, it was the Arabs who worked out that it could be purified using potassium nitrate for military use. Muslim incendiary devices terrified the Crusaders. By the 15th century they had invented both a rocket, which they called a "self-moving and combusting egg", and a torpedo - a self-propelled pear-shaped bomb with a spear at the front which impaled itself in enemy ships and then blew up.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/how-islamic-inventors-changed-the-world-6106905.html
{This must explain why they are so good at making bombs}.
---------
List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world
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List of Muslim scientists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_scientists
---------
15 Famous Muslim (Arab & Persian) Scientists and their Inventions
https://www.famousscientists.org/famous-muslim-arab-persian-scientists-and-their-inventions/
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{We can see that many different tribes of White looking Arabs, Druze and different tribes exist in the Middle East, and it is not just a bunch of Arabs. However, we see how Muslims are now trying to genocide off other tribes, and how the Middle East is slowly turning into being mostly Arabic and black.
Right now America is at war with radical Islam, so that Sharia law does not spread across the globe. What good is an invention to your people, if many of the Muslims try to genocide off other races and cultures. We think that Africans, Arabs, Orientals and Europeans should all have their own lands. We think that we should regulate immigration better in all nations, so that we can all live together as diverse humans beings}.
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Research: Arab Inventors Make the U.S. More Innovative
https://hbr.org/2017/02/arab-inventors-make-the-u-s-more-innovative
---------
{The problem is when Arabic people come to America, is that many can have over a dozen children, this is just like letting a dozen refugees into your country, then those dozen refugees have hundreds of offspring eventually. The problem with having Arabs and blacks reproduce in your country, is that you allow the opportunity for a higher chance for those offspring to turn out to be Muslims, then create Sharia Law in your country to overthrow and genocide off your people and culture. It is not worth risking the security of western nations, to have a bunch of low IQ Islamic Sharia tyrants try to kill off humanity. For more information on this subject, view our article " Islamic Sharia Law & Genocide - The Middle East Conflict Investigation " - IslamicShariaGenocdie.Blogspot.com .
The problem with war, is you have some of the smartest and most athletic people that are the best soldiers, and end up dying in war. Now the best people who should have passed on their genes, can no longer pass on their genes. Now the people that were able to pass on their genes were the people who were not fit to go to war, and then even now have multiple kids. To many people it just does not seems right that many good people lose their lives in war, and who knows what type of great lineage and DNA has been lost over many thousands of years. This is why I believe we should preserve all races and travel to space.
We could have trillions of Orientals, trillions of Africans, trillions of Middle Easterners and trillions of White people. Should have programs where super intelligent people can breed with super intelligent people? Many of the people who are mentally or physically disabled in certain ways, claim that they are actually the new evolution of thinkers. Some think that Steven Hawking is considered to be one of the smartest people on Earth, while others disagree with his politics and say he is not. Even if you agree or disagree with Steven Hawking and his politics, he is what you would call an intelligent person. I think even people such as Steven Hawking should have the right to reproduce if they want, and who knows what kind of evolution his offspring would make. Would this mean that his children would most likely not be able to walk if they were born? What if there were a way to get rid of some the genetic dysgenics in Steven Hawking, and to where if he could have children, they could be free of physical birth defects. I think we should regulate who can breed with who more. If we were going to live in space, do you think that we should regulate smarter groups of people breeding with smarter groups of people?
We are not going to have it to where we have trillions of all the races, but somehow the white race faced genocide in the middle of it because of the UN, the EU and the Vatican.
{Look at how the German people win a FIFA world cup in soccer, while many Muslim countries do not even come close to ever winning. Tribally speaking, and why many races of people are very picky when breeding with other races.
The last thing Europe needs, is a bunch of Islamic Pygmies running around, while trying to implement Sharia Law. We should not jeopardize the chances of European people accelerating in sports, science and achieving to their maximum potential in the future. We are going to set laws in place so that we do not have a bunch of low IQ Muslims running around Europe and America, trying to ruin the European gene pool. Places such as Europe should be reserved for a mosly white native European population. We should deport many non-Native Europeans out of Europe, and respect the European people. I am saying all this to avoid a race where, where more people would die, and lose the lineage of European DNA we are trying to keep. We also love all the races equally, and why China should be mostly Chinese, same with Japan. The Arabs also deserve their own lands. We can have immigration and all races in other countries, but to a minimum of immigrantion.
For more information on this subject, view our article " Islamic Sharia Law & Genocide - The Middle East Conflict Investigation " - IslamicShariaGenocdie.Blogspot.com
What if we do not have the capability to travel and populate space with billions or trillions of people?
I believe that we should have population control, race control and immigration control on Earth, in order to counter the one world government and one world order. If we want to have billions of more people living, we should do it off the planet, and not risk causing more damage to the planet with many different variables. Look at the amount of harmful chemicals and pesticides the world uses, and we cannot add more of these harmful chemicals to the planet. If we were living more organic, then I would say it might actually be possible, but there are many variables that I honestly am not fully aware of myself. Are we just going to let the Chinese people have another billion people? What about all the foreigners and Orientals breeding like rats in America, and they are doing it to try and overthrow American society. We are calling for the removal of all immigrants out of Europe and America, all immigrants who were immigrants after 1970 need to be removed, those immigrants and their offspring need to leave or face forced deportation. This is being done to counter the UN and the EU from trying to genocide off western nations, and replace them with their one world government. Why it it that they have segregated jails, then we see in society what happens when you let a bunch of Muslims loose in Europe. This is why I believe that white people deserve their own land, just as Orientals, Arabs and blacks all deserve their land. If the rest of the world cannot respect European culture and letting Europeans have their own land, then we predict a race war will happen in Europe and America. We are tired of the past history of Muslims and Africans that constantly try to genocide off the white man and European culture, and that the scientific community is now going to stop these groups with lesser IQ points, from trying to hurt and genocide off groups that have higher IQ points.
Look at the low IQ Muslims that invaded Spain and Italy, and still are doing it to this day.
America must not allow UN soldiers or EU soldiers to step foot on American soil, or they will turn America into the next Sharia Europe. The UN is the enemy of the free people of the world, and we need to stop the UN and EU at all costs from trying to genocide off the European people}.
-------
{Even though Muslims may have many great inventions, that is great, but we need to ban all Muslims in America and Europe.
If you are a Muslim, you need to leave America and go work on your projects elsewhere.
A lot of my good friends have even died fighting against your Sharia Law. Look how dumb the Muslim man is waging war on so many people, risking a nuclear war and even putting his entire bloodline in jeopardy.
Sometimes we must ask, are the inventions even worth the hassles for some of these Muslims. What happens next, is some Muslim going to invent a new way to terrorize the west with a super attack. I wish the Muslims would grow up and stop acting like such a cowardly group of people. This is why a record people are leaving Islam, cause they realize that the security of their family is more important than the poison of Sharia Law, that has already caused so much harm to the free world. It is a shame that many Arabic people have to think about what this stupid religion has become, and I really do apologize for how many people Sharia law has hurt}.
--------
{You will notice how many more inventions Europe has over Africa}.
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List of German inventors and discoverers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_inventors_and_discoverers
List of German inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_inventions_and_discoveries
List of French inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_inventions_and_discoveries
Famous French inventors list - https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-french-inventors-list/reference
List of English inventors and designers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_inventors_and_designers
Category:English inventors - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English_inventors
Greatest 50 British inventions: full list - https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9787698/Greatest-50-British-inventions-full-list.html
Scottish inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries
Top 10 Scottish scientists and inventors that changed the world -
http://www.scotlandnow.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/top-10-scottish-scientists-inventors-7441606
List of Welsh inventors - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Welsh_inventors
Category:Welsh inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Welsh_inventions
15 amazing ways that Wales changed the world - http://www.wow247.co.uk/2016/07/06/15-amazing-ways-that-wales-changed-the-world/
List of Italian inventors - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventors
List of Italian inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions
List of Swiss inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Swiss_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Swiss inventors and discoverers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Swiss_inventors_and_discoverers
Category: Dutch inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Dutch_inventions
List of Dutch inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dutch_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Spanish inventors and discoverers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Spanish_inventors_and_discoverers
List of Spanish inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Spanish_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Portuguese inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Austrian inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Austrian_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Austrian inventors and discoverers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Austrian_inventors_and_discoverers
6 Things We Owe to the Vikings - https://www.history.com/news/history-lists/6-things-we-owe-to-the-vikings
Category:Norwegian inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Norwegian_inventions
List of Swedish inventions - http://svea.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_Swedish_inventions
List of Swedish inventors - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Swedish_inventors
Category:Swedish inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Swedish_inventions
25 Things You Might Not Know Came From Sweden - https://list25.com/25-things-you-might-not-know-came-from-sweden/
13 Inventions We Have to Thank Finland For - https://theculturetrip.com/europe/finland/articles/13-inventions-we-have-to-thank-finland-for/
Category:Finnish inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Finnish_inventions
Category:Danish inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Danish_inventions
Famous Danish inventions - http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/famous-danish-inventions
Three brilliant inventions that Denmark ignored - http://sciencenordic.com/three-brilliant-inventions-denmark-ignored
Timeline of Polish science and technology - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Polish_science_and_technology
Category:Polish inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_inventions
List of Croatian inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Croatian_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Greek inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_inventions_and_discoveries
Category:Greek inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Greek_inventions
{You can't even list all of the inventions invented by the ancient Greeks, this includes all the
vast knowledge and libraries that burnt down that contained lost knowledge}.
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List of Serbian inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Serbian_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Serbian inventors and discoverers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Serbian_inventors_and_discoverers
Category:Hungarian inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hungarian_inventions
Top ten Romanian inventions - http://positivenewsromania.com/2016/04/28/top-ten-romanian-inventions/
List of Romanian inventors and discoverers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Romanian_inventors_and_discoverers
List of Slovaks - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Slovaks
List of Bulgarian inventors and discoverers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bulgarian_inventors_and_discoverers
Inventions of Ukrainians, which the world cherishes - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_inventions world cherishes
Inventions of Ukrainians, which the world cherishes - http://uprom.info/en/blogs/istoriya/vinahodi-ukrayintsiv-yakimi-dorozhit-ves-svit/
Category:Ukrainian inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_inventions
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The Most Significant Current Discoveries (Czech) - http://www.czech.cz/en/66499-the-most-significant-current-discoveries
Category:Inventions by country - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Inventions_by_country
European Inventions - https://europeisnotdead.com/video/broadcasts-of-europe/european-inventions/
Category:Russian inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_inventions
Timeline of Russian innovation - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation
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List of Indian inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Japanese inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_inventions_and_discoveries
List of Chinese inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions
List of Korean inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Korean_inventions_and_discoveries
World famous inventions of Vietnamese - http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/special-reports/127464/world-famous-inventions-of-vietnamese.htmlCategory:Vietnamese inventions - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_inventions
List of Thai inventions and discoveries - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Thai_inventions_and_discoveries
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{There are also many ancient inventions by the Mongolian people that are often rarely even mentioned over the internet}.
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List of Malaysian inventions and discoveries -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_inventions_and_discoveries
---------------
List of Indonesian inventions and discoveries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_inventions_and_discoveries
{Why is it that South Asia does not have as many inventions as East Asia, such as Japan, Korea and China. We can see that the nations with more developed technology also have a problem with more pollution than with undeveloped countries. China does have on average a high IQ rate, but they really are a bunch of idiots when it comes to how they trash their environment}.
---------------{Let's face it, white people have really good DNA for mixing with other races, can we all agree?
I can see why other races would want to reproduce with a white person, to where your DNA gets many advantages to having European DNA. We can see how so many of the most beautiful women in different countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, etc are half Asian and half white. Of course native Asian women are just as beautiful and have their own unique beauty, but
some of the mixed race women coming out of Asia are very adorable.
We can see why white women are some of the most demanded women in the world, for dozens of different reasons. We just don't want to lose our identity including traits as a people, the European people must fight and resist genocide from the European Union. We can see that any group or any race of people want to see more of their people thrive and expand, and not face genocide}.
-------------------
{Let us now take a look at how Europeans were some of the first groups of people to travel to America}.
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The Mysterious Dark Ages (HD Ancient Middle Ages History Documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDG5jtGGdWU
--------------
DNA Evidence Provides Proof Egypt Was Founded By Central Europeans
July 5, 2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WIBkwzwioA---
PREHISTORIC HUMANS IN THE NEW WORLD (AMAZING ANCIENT HISTORY DOCUMENTARY) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4Ozox0FIO8
-------------
THE REAL TRUTH ABOUT VIKINGS (INCREDIBLE HISTORY DOCUMENTARY)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1w7e46pHuc -
------------------
The Viking Deception | Top Documentary Films | History Documentary
Mar 29, 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnVzXojR__0
----------------
Europeans & Asians In Prehistoric America : Journey to 10,000 BC - Science Documentaries
Nov 28, 2014
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz91Gzk-pPA
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Native Americans actually came from a tiny mountain region in Siberia, DNA research reveals
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2092258/Native-Americans-actually-came-tiny-mountain-region-Russia-DNA-research-reveals.html
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Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
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Prehistoric Europeans. First Native Americans (1 of 3)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GS5eDwYePiQ
------------
Mysterious sunstones in medieval Viking texts could really have worked
A new study says Vikings could have used these stones to navigate to Greenland.
https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/04/mysterious-sunstones-in-medieval-viking-texts-could-really-have-worked/
-------------
DNA Results of Ancient Native American Mummies - ROBERT SEPEHR
Mar 18, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfOZg3X_GmA
-----------
FINALLY: DNA Results Of The Paracas Elongated Skulls Of Peru: Part 1
Feb 5, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1k_b-jmz3k
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The Origin of the Blue Eyes: The Ancient 'Gods' and Their Royal Descendants
http://humansarefree.com/2014/04/the-origin-of-blue-eyes-ancient-gods.html
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First South Americans were Black Aborigines
May 9, 2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6IrMjfbh6E
-----------
The Africans Who Discovered America Thousands Of Years Before Columbus
Mar 01, 2013
http://www.nairaland.com/1212037/africans-discovered-america-thousands-years
-------------
Mysterious Nubian Stone Tablets Have Been Discovered in a Vast African 'City of The Dead'
This is one of Africa's oldest written languages.
-------------
----------------
----------------
Chapter 4: Genetic disorders and diseases (Dysgenics)
----------------
----------------
{We are for promoting and expanding all human races to live together in peace and harmony. We even believe that all human races should be able to travel to space, and expand all the races on different planets and even possibly some moons. We could even gather and harvest many ideas, from trillions of people in the Universe. We can eliminate disease and poverty, and work on making the Universe a better place for all to live}.
----------------
List of genetic disorders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders
-----------------
Genetic Disorders in Arab Populations
http://www.cags.org.ae/cbc02ga.pdf
{Over 750 Genetic Disorders in Arab populations}
----------------
Medical genetics of Jews
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_genetics_of_Jews
The medical genetics of Jews is the study, screening, and treatment of genetic disorders more common in particular Jewish populations than in the population as a whole. The genetics of Ashkenazi Jews have been particularly well-studied, resulting in the discovery of many genetic disorders associated with this ethnic group. In contrast, the medical genetics of Sephardic Jews and Mizrahi Jews are more complicated, since they are more genetically diverse and consequently no genetic disorders are more common in these groups as a whole; instead, they tend to have the genetic diseases common in their various countries of origin. Several organizations, such as Dor Yeshorim, offer screening for Ashkenazi genetic diseases, and these screening programs have had a significant impact, in particular by reducing the number of cases of Tay–Sachs disease.
Ashkenazi diseases
The most detailed genetic analysis study of Ashkenazi was published in September 2014 by Shai Carmi and his team at Columbia University. The results of the detailed study show that today's 10 million Ashkenazi Jews descend from a population of only 350 individuals who lived about 600–800 years ago. That population derived from both Europe and the Middle East. There is evidence that the population bottleneck may have allowed deleterious alleles to become more prevalent in the population due to genetic drift. As a result, this group has been particularly intensively studied, so many mutations have been identified as common in Ashkenazis. Of these diseases, many also occur in other Jewish groups and in non-Jewish populations, although the specific mutation which causes the disease may vary between populations. For example, two different mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene causes Gaucher's disease in Ashkenazis, which is their most common genetic disease, but only one of these mutations is found in non-Jewish groups. A few diseases are unique to this group; for example, familial dysautonomia is almost unknown in other populations.
Genetic disorders common in Ashkenazi Jews
| Disease | Mode of inheritance | Gene | Carrier frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Favism | X-linked | G6PD | |
| Bloom syndrome | Autosomal recessive | BLM | 1/100 |
| Breast cancer and ovarian cancer | Autosomal dominant | BRCA1 or BRCA2 | 1/100 and 1/75, respectively |
| Canavan disease | Autosomal recessive | ASPA | 1/60 |
| Congenital deafness | Autosomal recessive | GJB2 or GJB6 | 1/25 |
| Cystic fibrosis | Autosomal recessive | CFTR | 1/25 |
| Haemophilia C | Autosomal recessive | F11 | 1/12 |
| Familial dysautonomia | Autosomal recessive | IKBKAP | 1/30 |
| Familial hypercholesterolemia | Autosomal dominant | LDLR | 1/69 |
| Familial hyperinsulinism | Autosomal recessive | ABCC8 | 1/125–1/160 |
| Fanconi anemia C | Autosomal recessive | FACC | 1/100 |
| Gaucher disease | Autosomal recessive | GBA | 1/7–1/18 |
| Glycogen Storage Disease type 1a | Autosomal recessive | G6PC | 1/71 |
| Mucolipidosis IV | Autosomal recessive | MCOLN1 | 1/110 |
| Niemann–Pick (type A) | Autosomal recessive | SMPD1 | 1/90 |
| Nonclassical 21 OHase deficiency | Autosomal recessive | CPY21 | 1/6 |
| Parkinson's disease | Autosomal dominant | LRRK2 | 1/42 |
| Tay–Sachs | Autosomal recessive | HEXA | 1/25–1/30 |
| Torsion dystonia | Autosomal dominant | DYT1 | 1/4000 |
| Usher syndrome | Autosomal recessive | PCDH15 | 1/72 |
Tay–Sachs disease
Tay–Sachs disease, which can present as a fatal illness of children that causes mental deterioration prior to death, was historically more prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews, although high levels of the disease are also found in some Pennsylvania Dutch, southern Louisiana Cajun, and eastern Quebec French Canadian populations.[20] Since the 1970s, however, proactive genetic testing has been quite effective in eliminating Tay–Sachs from the Ashkenazi Jewish population.
Lipid transport diseases
Gaucher's disease, in which lipids accumulate in inappropriate locations, occurs most frequently among Ashkenazi Jews; the mutation is carried by roughly one in every 15 Ashkenazi Jews, compared to one in 100 of the general American population. Gaucher's disease can cause brain damage and seizures, but these effects are not usually present in the form manifested among Ashkenazi Jews; while sufferers still bruise easily, and it can still potentially rupture the spleen, it generally has only a minor impact on life expectancy.
Ashkenazi Jews are also highly affected by other lysosomal storage diseases, particularly in the form of lipid storage disorders. Compared to other ethnic groups, they more frequently act as carriers of mucolipidosis and Niemann–Pick disease, the latter of which can prove fatal.
The occurrence of several lysosomal storage disorders in the same population suggests the alleles responsible might have conferred some selective advantage in the past. This would be similar to the hemoglobin allele which is responsible for sickle-cell disease, but solely in people with two copies; those with just one copy of the allele have a sickle cell trait and gain partial immunity to malaria as a result. This effect is called heterozygote advantage.
Some of these disorders may have become common in this population due to selection for high levels of intelligence (see Ashkenazi intelligence). However, other research suggests no difference is found between the frequency of this group of diseases and other genetic diseases in Ashkenazis, which is evidence against any specific selectivity towards lysosomal disorders.
Familial dysautonomia
Diseases inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern often occur in endogamous populations. Among Ashkenazi Jews, a higher incidence of specific genetic disorders and hereditary diseases have been verified, including:
- Colorectal cancer due to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (nonclassical form)
- Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
- Crohn's disease (the NOD2/CARD15 locus appears to be implicated)
- Joubert syndrome type 2 is disproportionately frequent among people of Jewish descent; this has been attributed to the resistance to intermarriage of this population.
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- Maple syrup urine disease
- Mucolipidosis IV
- Nonsyndromic hearing loss and deafness, DFNB1 (connexin 26)
- Parkinson's disease (G2019S/LRRK2 mutation; The LRRK2 mutation on the main haplotype, shared by Ashkenazi Jews, North Africans, and Europeans, initially arose in the Near East at least 4000 years ago. Because of a founder effect, the ancestors of present-day Ashkenazi Jews may have kept the low-frequency G2019S mutation through the different diasporas, whereas Near Eastern daughter populations lost the mutation. The mutation might then have been "reintroduced by recurrent gene flow from Ashkenazi populations to other Jewish, European, and North African populations. The present-day frequency of the mutation in control populations (0.05% in Europeans, 0.5% in North-African Arabs and 1% in Ashkenazi Jews) may support this scenario".)
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Schizophrenia (DNST3 gene variation)
- Von Gierke disease
- Zellweger syndrome
Non-Ashkenazi disorders
In contrast to the Ashkenazi population, Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews are much more divergent groups, with ancestors from Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Italy, Libya, the Balkans, Iran, Iraq, India, and Yemen, with specific genetic disorders found in each regional group, or even in specific subpopulations in these regions.| Disease | Mode of inheritance | Gene or enzyme | Carrier frequency | Populations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oculocutaneous albinism | Autosomal recessive | TYR | 1/30 | Morocco |
| Ataxia telangiectasia | Autosomal recessive | ATM | 1/80 | Morocco, Tunisia |
| Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease | Autosomal dominant | PRNP | 1/24,000 | Libya |
| Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis | Autosomal recessive | CYP27A1 | 1/70 | Morocco |
| Cystinuria | Autosomal recessive | SLC7A9 | 1/25 | Libya |
| Familial Mediterranean fever | Autosomal recessive | MEFV | 1/5–7 | All MENA (Middle Eastern and North African countries). |
| Glycogen storage disease III | Autosomal recessive | AGL | 1/35 | Morocco, North Africa |
| Limb girdle muscular dystrophy | Autosomal recessive | DYSF | 1/10 | Libya |
| Tay–Sachs | Autosomal recessive | HEXA | 1/110 | Morocco |
| 11-β-hydroxylase deficiency | Autosomal recessive | CYP11B1 | 1/30–1/128 | Morocco |
| Disease | Mode of inheritance | Gene or enzyme | Carrier frequency | Populations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-thalassemia | Autosomal recessive | HBB | 1/6 | Iran, Iraq, Kurdistan |
| Factor VII deficiency | Autosomal recessive | F7 | 1/40 | Iran |
| Familial Mediterranean fever | Autosomal recessive, but heterozygous carriers also can show clinical manifestations. | MEFV | 1/5–1/7 | Iraq, Iran, Armenia, North African Jews, Ashkenazi |
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency | X-linked | G6PD | 1/4 | Iraq, esp. Kurdistan, Syria and all MENA countries. Female heterozygotes can also show clinical symptoms due to lyonization (X-inactivation) especially during pregnancy. |
| Inclusion body myopathy | Autosomal recessive | GNE | 1/12 | Iran |
| Metachromatic leukodystrophy | Autosomal recessive | ARSA | 1/50 | Yemen |
| Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy | Autosomal, recessive or dominant | PABPN1 | 1/7 | Bukhara |
| Phenylketonuria | Autosomal recessive | PAH | 1/35 | Yemen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_genetics_of_Jews
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Ashkenazi Jewish Genetic Panel (AJGP) - What Are Ashkenazi Jewish Genetic Diseases?
Ashkenazi Jewish genetic diseases are a group of rare disorders that occur more often in people of Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jewish heritage than in the general population. Even though most of these diseases are severe and can cause early death, some can be treated to reduce symptoms and prolong life. Some of these diseases can be found during pregnancy through chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis. This testing is done usually if one or both parents are carriers of a genetic disease.
Diseases in this group include:
Bloom syndrome. Babies with this disease are born small and remain shorter than normal as they grow. Their skin may look red, and they have more lung and ear infections than children normally have.
Canavan disease. This disease gradually destroys brain tissue.
Cystic fibrosis. This disease causes very thick mucus in the lungs and problems with digesting food.
Familial dysautonomia (FD). People with this problem cannot feel pain, they sweat a lot, and they have trouble with speech and coordination.
Fanconi anemia. People with this problem do not have enough blood cells and have problems with the heart, kidneys, arms, or legs. They also are more likely to get cancer.
Gaucher disease. This disease causes a type of fat called glucocerebroside to build up in certain cells of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Mucolipidosis IV. This problem causes the nervous system to deteriorate, or break down, over time.
Niemann-Pick disease (type A). This disease causes a type of fat called sphingomyelin to build up in cells of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
Tay-Sachs disease. This disease causes a type of fat called ganglioside to build up in the cells of the brain and nervous system.
Torsion dystonia. People with this problem have ongoing spasms that twist the muscles in their arms, legs, and sometimes their body. Testing for this condition may not always be done.
About 1 out of 4 people of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage is a carrier of one of these genetic conditions, most commonly of Gaucher disease, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, familial dysautonomia, or Canavan disease.1
http://www.webmd.com/children/tc/ashkenazi-jewish-genetic-panel-ajgp-what-are-ashkenazi-jewish-genetic-diseases
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Jewish Genetic Disease Consortium (JGDC)
Sephardic and Mizrahi Diseases
There is no single preconception carrier-screening panel for people of Sephardic or Mizrahi background. Carrier screening is dependent upon country of origin. People of Sephardic or Mizrahi background should seek genetic counseling.
http://www.jewishgeneticdiseases.org/jewish-genetic-diseases/
---------------------------------
All About Genetic Diseases That Strike Sephardic Jews
The Forward Staff has compiled a guide to the most common heritable “Sephardic Jewish diseases,” with information on symptoms, causes and carrier rates for each, as well as the geographic regions from which affected Jewish populations originate.
These diseases are mostly caused by recessive genetic mutations, meaning that mutations must be present in both copies (alleles) of the gene for the associated condition to be expressed. When both parents carry a given mutation, each child of theirs has a 25% of developing the associated disease. This is why couples with at least one partner of Sephardic or Mizrahi origin are encouraged to undergo screening if they plan to have children.
Unlike Ashkenazi Jews, who share ethnic commonalities regardless of country of origin,” Sephardi” is a broad label. Subgroups like Moroccan Jews or Iranian Jews have distinct characteristics, making universal screening panels for inherited genetic diseases for all Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews impractical. Therefore, it’s best to discuss one’s family heritage with a doctor or genetic counselor in order to receive screening recommendations.
The Sephardic Health Organization for Referral and Education recommends that non-Ashkenazi Jewish couples get tested for the 19 most common Ashkenazi Jewish diseases as well — because some of the diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and spinal muscular atrophy, can also be found among non-Ashkenazi populations. Screenings usually require blood samples.
Data on the estimated carrier frequency and the affected Jewish population are courtesy of the Jewish Genetic Disease Consortium in New York.
Dr. Adele Schneider, the medical director of the Einstein Victor Center for the Prevention of Jewish Genetic Diseases in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has contributed to this section.
(1) Alpha Thalassemia
(2) Ataxia Telangiectasia
(3) Beta Thalassemia
(4) Corticosterone Methyloxidase Type 2 Deficiency
(5) Costeff Optical Atrophy
(6) Cystic Fibrosis
(7) Familial Mediterranean Fever
(8) Glycogen Storage Disease Type 3
(9) G6PD Deficiency
(10) Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy
(11) Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2B
(12) Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
(13) Normophosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis
(14) Polyglandular Deficiency Syndrome
(15) Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency
(16) Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1A
(17) Wolman's Disease
http://forward.com/culture/203321/all-about-genetic-diseases-that-strike-sephardic-j/
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Genetic Diseases
Jewish
There are several genetic disease mutations that occur at increased frequencies in the Ashkenazi Jewish (Central & Eastern European), Sephardi Jewish (Southern European and Northern African), and Mizrahi Jewish (Middle Eastern/Arab) populations. The Mount Sinai Comprehensive Jewish Carrier Screening Panel covers 96 conditions that fall into this category. Some disorders are specific to one of the 3 sub-populations; however, there are certain diseases that are relevant to all Jewish sub-groups. Because these disorders are inherited in an autosomal recessive or X-linked manner, if you are of Jewish descent you may be at risk for being a carrier for a genetic disorder without even knowing it. Some of the most common diseases are listed below.Abetalipoproteinemia
Alport Syndrome
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Bloom Syndrome
Canavan Disease
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency
Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Ia
Dyskeratosis Congenita
Ehlers-Danlos VIIC
Familial Dysautonomia
Familial Hyperinsulinism
Fanconi Anemia
Galactosemia (also more frequent among people of Irish descent)
Gaucher Disease (Type I)
Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a
Joubert Syndrome 2
Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency (E3)
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Mucolipidosis Type IV
Nemaline Myopathy
Niemann-Pick Type A
3-Phospoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Retinitis Pigmentosa 59
Smith-Limli-Opitz Syndrome
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Tay-Sachs Disease (also more frequent among French Canadians, Cajuns, and people of Irish/British descent)
Tyrosinemia I (also more frequent in Norwegians, Finnish, French Canadians)
Usher Syndrome (IF & III)
Walker-Warburg Syndrome
Wilson Disease
Zellweger Syndrome
http://www.geneticdiseasefoundation.org/genetic-diseases/
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The population genetics of the Jewish people
Oct 2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3543766/
----
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease among Libyan Jews
Sep 1991https://www.jstor.org/stable/3520745?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
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Jewish Genetics: 75% of Jews Are Lactose Intolerant and 11 Other Facts
July 8, 2015
Almost half of Ashkenazim carry at least one of 38 genetic diseases, and our closest genetic relatives are Druze, Bedouin, Palestinians - and Italians.
Is there such a thing as a “Jewish gene”? No, there isn't.
http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/science/.premium-1.664967
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Genetic studies on Arabs
The Centre for Arab Genomic Studies (CAGS) oversees genetic analyses on the populations of the Arab world. Based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, it indicates that Arab countries have among the highest rates of genetic disorders in the world. Some 906 pathologies are endemic to the Arab states, including thalassaemia, Tourette's syndrome, Wilson's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, mitochondrial encephalomyopathies and Niemann-Pick disease.
Genetic diseases Databases in Arabic countries and studies
Several organizations maintain genetic databases for each Arabic country. The Centre for Arab Genomic Studies (CAGS) is the main organization based in the United Arab Emirates. It initiated a pilot project to construct the Catalogue for Transmission Genetics in Arabs (CTGA) database for genetic disorders in Arab populations. At present, the CTGA database is centrally maintained in Dubai, and hosts entries for nearly 1540 Mendelian disorders and related genes. This number is increasing as researchers are joining the largest Arab scientific effort to define genetic disorders described in the region. The Center promotes research studies on these emergent disorders. Some of the genetic disorders endemic to the Arab world are: hemoglobinopathy, sickle cell anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is an inherited genetic condition with critical consequences. The Centre provide information about specific countries, and maintain a list of Genomic diseases.
Specific rare autosomal recessive diseases are high in Arabic countries like Bardet Biedl syndrome, Meckel syndrome, congenital chloride diarrhea, severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (SMARMD) Lysosomal storage diseases and PKU are high in the Gulf states. Dr Teebi's book provides detailed information and by country. Even the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia last year, it has infected 77 people, mostly in the Middle East and Europe. Forty of them - more than half - have died. But MERS is not yet a pandemic, could become pervasive in genetic disease patient.
Dr Thurman' guidebook about Rare genetic diseases another book Arabic genetic disorders layman guide Suadi Journal article about genetic diseases in Arabic countries The highest proportion of genetic disorders manifestations are: congenital malformations followed by endocrine metabolic disorders and then by Neuron disorders (such as Neuromotor disease)and then by blood immune disorders and then neoplasms. The Mode of Inheritance is mainly autosomal recessive followed by autosomal dominant. Some of the diseases are beta-thalassemia mutations, sickle-cell disease, congenital heart-disease, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, molecular characterization, recessive osteoperosis, gluthanione-reducatsafe DEf. A study about sickle cell anemia in Arabs article about Birth defects 6Glucose Phisphate isomere deficiency responsible for unexpected hemolytic episodes. one of late Dr Teebi's syndromes. flash cards guide. NY times article In Palestinian Arabs study study about potential on pharmacology another study on Arab Palestinians Database of Genetic disorders in Arabs study In Palestinians new general study about databases Database for B thalassemia in Arabs Israeli National genetic bank contains genetic mutations of Arabs Teebi database 2002 2010 genes responsible for genetic diseases among Palestinian Arabs The next Pan-Arab conference Nov 2013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Arabs
---------------
Genetic disease in the Arab world
Oct, 2006
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618432/
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Sickle-cell Anemia and Consanguinity among the Saudi Arabian Population
June 15, 2016
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is one of the most common severe autosomal recessively inherited blood disorders. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of this disease is significantly varied in different regions of the country, and the highest prevalence in the Eastern province of the country. A consanguineous marriage has been linked to the high incidence and prevalence of Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA), which, accounts more than 50%, with the rate of marriage between first cousins ranging from 40% to 50%. However, the last few years showed no increase in the prevalence of sickle cell disease among Saudi’s. This might be related to the remarkable scientific progress in the understanding of the complex pathophysiology of the disease, improving knowledge regarding SCA among community, better medical care, and the efforts of Saudi’s government to provide genetic counselling services and implementing of mandatory premarital screening program. This review therefore is about the epidemiology, history of SCA among Saudi’s, clinical complications, and consanguinity marriage and SCA, with a focus on its local premarital screening program.
http://www.archivesofmedicine.com/medicine/sicklecell-anemia-and-consanguinity-among-the-saudi-arabian-population.php?aid=9701
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Sickle Cell Anemia: It's Not a 'Black Disease'
How Sickle Cell is Acquired - Inheritance
As we've become more knowledgeable about sickle cell anemia we've discovered that it is not infectious but rather genetic. In other words you can't get sickle cell from exposure to a toxin, infection, virus, or parasite. People with sickle cell are born with the disease. It is inherited when parents pass it on to their children.
Location of Sickle Cell Carriers
Sickle Cell in the United States
We've also discovered that sickle cell is, in the United States, very prevalent among dark skinned people and almost completely absent in "white" populations. This is why sickle cell anemia has been, for a very long time, associated with people of dark skin color. This association has been based on the partially correct assumption that sickle cell originates in Africa and those who are of African descent (and therefore very often dark skinned) are the only people who can carry the gene for the disease and pass it on genetically.
Sickle Cell in the World
While it is true that sickle cell is very prevalent in much of Africa it is entirely untrue that it is confined just to that region. In fact sickle cell is prevalent in parts of all of the following areas:
Africa
Mediterranean countries (such as Greece, Turkey, and Italy)
The Arabian peninsula
India
Spanish-speaking regions (South America, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean)
In each region both dark and light skinned people have been found to be sickle cell carriers. The explanation for this particular distribution lies in explanation for the survival of sickle cell over time.
http://www.netwellness.org/healthtopics/sicklecell/sicklecellblackdisease.cfm
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The epidemiology of thyroid diseases in the Arab world: A systematic review
2015
The review showed that the prevalence of different types of thyroid disease varied between the
reported studies in Arab world ranging from 6.18 to 47.34% prevalence of goiter reported by
several studies conducted in Arab world, such as Egypt, Algeria and Bahrain with 25.25, 86 and 1.7%, respectively. Gender, dietary factors, iodine deficiency, family history, diabetes and x-ray radiation were reported as risk factors associated with different type of thyroid diseases.
The most prevalence of thyroid disease was concluded to be thyroid lesions which varied in different regions of Arab and the burden of thyroid cancer is very high and very common in different Arab region, and further longitudinal studies are still needed to investigate the prognosis and determinants of these thyroid diseases in the Arab world.
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JPHE/article-full-text-pdf/0C73CDC56758
[Eating Iodine can help fight thyroid cancer, seaweed has a lot of Iodine.]
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Centre for Arab Genomic Studies, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
GENETIC DISORDERS IN ARABS
Genetic and inherited disorders have accompanied humanity since its earliest existence. Many prehistoric and historic sites have revealed archeological remains with pathologies suggestive of inherited disorders. Paleopathology studies - the identification of pathological conditions in ancient skeletal remains - from many world sites revealed the presence of
various hereditary or congenital conditions including Paget’s disease, neurofibromatosis, cleft lip and cleft palate, juvenile kyphosis (Scheuermann’s disease), scoliosis, spina bifida, achondroplasia, Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type I), Hunter’s syndrome,
(mucopolysaccharidosis type II), Morquio’s syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV), osteogenesis imperfecta (types III and IV), cleidocranial dysostosis, osteopetrosis,
diaphyseal sclerosis (Camuratoi-Engelmann disease), osteopoikilosis, and many others (reviewed in Ortner, 2003). One of the oldest of such records includes a 1.5
million year old fossil of a 2-year-old Homo erectus child with amelogenesis imperfecta (
Zilberman et al., 2004). In Indonesia, the skeleton of a 25-30 year-old Homo
floresiensis, discovered in 2003 on the island of Flores, featured a small skull that could be due to microcephaly (Jacob et al., 2006). In Egypt, scientific investigation of mummies from the huge necropolis of Thebes-West in Upper Egypt revealed osseous manifestations suggestive of metabolic and chronic anemia in high frequencies in populations of the “Middle Kingdom” (2050-1750 BCE;
Nerlich et al., 2002). In addition, bizarre physical features were shared by many members of Egypt’s 18th Dynasty, including the Pharaoh Akhenaten, suggestive of possible familial disorders possibly including the aromatase excess syndrome, the sagittal craniosynostosis syndrome, or a variant of the Antley-Bixler syndrome (Braverman et al., 2009). Interestingly, ancient DNA analysis revealed
a b-thalassemia mutation in the skeletal remains of an Ottoman child with severe porotic hyperostosis (Filon et al., 1995).
The Early Farmers
Around 12,000 years ago, Neolithic human populations adapted agricultural technologies that allowed them to establish permanent sizeable settlements and to adapt a far-reaching shift in subsistence and lifestyle. Undoubtedly, improvement of the climatic conditions in the area along with the practice of agriculture helped in the establishment of major historical settlements with sizeable densities that could have contributed enormously to the genetic makeup of modern Arab populations. Yet, farming was almost always associated with settlements near mosquito-infested soft and marshy soil causing large malarial outbreaks (Grmek, 1994; de Zulueta, 1994; Joy et al., 2003). These outbreaks imposed selective pressure on the human genome and amplified the frequencies of
several genetic disorders including sickle cell disease, b-thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (Angel, 1966 ;Carter and Mendis, 2002 Kwiatkowski, 2005).
http://www.cags.org.ae/cb404c1.pdf
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Lifestyle disorders top health issues in Arab world
January 2014
PARIS: Heart disease and stroke have replaced infectious disease as the top causes of early death in the Arab world, tracking the West in a trend toward lifestyle disorders, The Lancet reported Monday.
An international consortium of scientists compared the state of health in the 22 countries of the Arab League in 1990 and in 2010, using data from a vast study — the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases report.
In 1990, respiratory infection headed the list of concerns, accounting for 11 percent of deaths, while stillbirths and poor nutrition also featured high on the mortality list.
These problems still persist in the low-income countries of the Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Somalia and Yemen, the investigators found.
http://www.arabnews.com/news/515126
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Arab countries living longer but battling chronic disease
In the region as a whole, important changes occurred over those two decades. Burden attributable to non-communicable disease, including ischemic heart disease, mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, and musculoskeletal disorders increased, while the premature death and disability from most newborn, nutritional, and maternal disorders decreased. Basically, there were tremendous improvements in what is killing people but not in what is ailing them.
Of the 10 leading causes of health loss, combining both premature mortality and years lived with disability, between 1990 and 2010, lower respiratory infections remained the first, while ischemic heart disease rose to second. Major depressive disorder rose from eighth to fifth place, and low back pain, which was not among the top causes of health loss in 1990, was ranked seventh in 2010. The rise of non-communicable disease in the Arab world mirrors similar changes in the US, Western Europe, and Canada.
http://www.healthdata.org/news-release/arab-countries-living-longer-battling-chronic-disease
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Frequently asked questions on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
May, 2017
1. What is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)?
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause diseases in humans, ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/faq/en/
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Population structure and the burden of disease in the United Arab Emirates
2012
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210600612000214
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Saudi Arabia Awakes to the Perils of Inbreeding
MAY 1, 2003
Health officials and genetic researchers here say there is no way to stop inbreeding in this deeply conservative Muslim society, where marrying within the family is a tradition that goes back hundreds of years.
Today, when most unions are still arranged by parents, marrying into wealth and influence often means marrying a relative. Social lives are so restricted that it is virtually impossible for men and women to meet one another outside the umbrella of an extended family. Courtships without parental supervision are rare.
Among more educated Saudis, marrying relatives has become less common and younger generations have begun to pull away from the practice. But for the vast majority, the tradition is still deeply embedded in Saudi culture.
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/01/world/saudi-arabia-awakes-to-the-perils-of-inbreeding.html
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Hemoglobinopathies in the United Arab Emirates
Genetic Disorders in the UAE Autosomal recessive disorders are common in the UAE.
Hemoglobinopathies are one of the most common disorders among the UAE nationals. Other
diseases include congenital abnormalities, cancers, metabolic disorders, chromosomal aberrations and mental retardation. Monogenic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, fragile-X and G6PD also exist at appreciable levels. During the last two years alone, the author's laboratory has carried out mutational identification and characterization of more than 50 cases of cystic
Fibrosis, predominantly among the UAE nationals.
ß-Thalassemia
ß-Thalassemia (ß-thal) is one of the most common single gene disorders affecting almost all the countries in the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, SouthbEast Asia, Far East, Australasia, the Americas and Africa. It is characterized by the deficiency or absence of ß-globin chain production. More than 200 different mutations have so far been reported that result in
ß- thalassemia.
a-Thalassemia and HbH Disease
a-Thalassemia (a-thal) is generally caused by the deletion of one (-a/
a a) or both (-a/-a or --/a) func-tional a-globin genes leading to a-thal-2
(-a/a) and a-thal-1 (--/a) conditions, respectively. Individuals who inherit two or three functional a-genes (-a/a; -a-a; --/) have a-thal trait with a mild hypochromic, microcytic anemia. Those who inherit a single a-gene (--/-a) have HbH (ß4) disease, a moderately severe hemolytic anemia with a variable clinical course. HbH Disease is the most severe form of the a-thal syndromes compatible with life. Hb Bart's Hydrops Fetalis syndromes arise from total absence of four a-globin genes (--/--) and such condition is incompatible with life. The majority of a-thal and HbH cases in the Gulf Region are caused by point mutations characterized by relatively severe phenotype.
HbH disease is a moderately severe hemolytic anemia with microcytosis, hypochromia, low HbA and HbF levels, and varying quantities of HbH (ß4; 2-30%).
Most of the HbH syndromes were thought to be caused by the deletion or inactivation of three of the four a-globin genes. However, in the last decade, numerous reports have been published demonstrating an increasing number of non-deletional (aT)a-thal as
the molecular basis for many of the HbH syndromes, particularly from the Middle East.
For decades, hematological evaluation and gene mapping techniques have been used to
identify these anomalies at the molecular level. More recently, novel techniques such as PCR have been devised which enable the molecular characterization of such patients rapidly, easily and accurately.
Several studies were conducted in the author's laboratory in an attempt to elucidate the frequency of a-thal in the UAE. Cord blood samples were collected from 418 consecutive UAE national newborns. The PCR-based analysis of the a
-globin gene status demonstrated that the incidence of a-thal, particularly the -a3.7 deletion, was extremely high.
The DNA-based newborn screening survey demonstrated that 49 % of the neonates had
α-thal, one of the highest in the world. The distribution of mutations was as follows:
αα/αα: 51%; -α3.7/αα:34%; -α3.7/-α3.7: 11%; -
α4.2/αα: 1.0% and one newborn was compound heterozygous for the -α3.7/-α4.2geno-
type. The remaining 3% of the chromosomes were
identified with the non-deletional type of αthal (αT). Four different αT alleles were identified; PolyA-1[αPA-1(AATAAA→AATAAG)], PolyA-2 [αPA-2(AATAAA→AATGAA)], Hb Constant Spring [HbCS(αCSα/αCSα) TAA→CAA] and pentanucleotide deletion [α-5nt del(GAGGTGAGG→GAGG)]
https://www.dha.gov.ae/en/SpecialtyCentres/GeneticsCenter/Documents/Hemoglobinopathies%20in%20the%20UAE%20By%20Dr.%20E.%20Baysal.pdf
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In Middle East and North Africa, Health Challenges are Becoming Similar to Those in Western Countries
September 4, 2013
WASHINGTON, September 4, 2013 - In the Middle East and North Africa region, non-communicable diseases such as heart disease (up by 44%), stroke (up 35%), and diabetes (up 87%) are causing more premature death and disability than they did in the past. Potentially preventable risk factors such as poor diets, high blood pressure, high body mass index (an indicator of obesity and overweight), and smoking are contributing to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases in the region.
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/09/04/middle-east-north-Africa-health-challenges-similar-western-countries
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Cardiovascular diseases on the increase in Arab states
March 2012
Children in the Arab Gulf region are more at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than those in other Arab states, according to a new report from the World Heart Federation.
The rapid urbanisation of Arab Gulf states means children are increasingly living in densely populated cities and suffering exposure to air and water pollution. Many are being denied access to green spaces and their health is further compromised by passive smoking and fast food.
Kuwait is the most urbanised Arab state, with 98% of its population living in cities, followed closely by Qatar with 96%. Neighbouring Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) come next, with 84% and 78% of people living in cities respectively.
http://www.natureasia.com/en/nmiddleeast/article/10.1038/nmiddleeast.2012.36
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About the Epidemiology of IBD
June, 2012
Epidemiology is the study of the frequency and distribution of diseases in the population.
It is estimated that 1.4 million Americans suffer from Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (collectively known as inflammatory bowel diseases, or IBD). The search for risk factors in IBD has been frustrating, and the difficulty in diagnosing these diseases has been a further hindrance. However, epidemiologists have gathered enough information to know a good deal about the distribution of IBD in the United States and Western Europe. Current evidence suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to these diseases.
Genetics
In 2001, Nod2, the first gene linked to Crohn's disease, was discovered. This breakthrough was funded in part by a CCFA research grant. Most researchers agree that there is a strong genetic component in IBD. If a person has a relative with the disease, his/her risk is estimated to be at least 10 times that of the general population -- 30 times greater if the relative is a sibling. New technologies, including a genome-wide search, are helping researchers to close in on the genes that predispose people to IBD.
Race and Ethnicity
American Jews of European descent are four to five times more likely to develop IBD than the general population.
IBD has long been considered a predominantly white disease. The prevalence rate among whites is 149 per 100,000. Among African Americans, however, there has been a steady increase in reported cases of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. An HMO with two million members reported hospitalization rates per 100,000 by race, over a six-year period, as:
10.2 - Whites
10.2 - African Americans
According to this study, prevalence rates among Hispanics and Asians were lower than those for whites and African Americans.
http://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/resources/epidemiology.html
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Middle Eastern/Arab Women
Postpartum Depression (PPD) affects women around the world and it is estimated that its prevalence runs at about 10-15% (Fuggle, Glover, Khan & Haydon, 2002). Some studies show that PPD may affect up to 30% of all women after delivery (Evins, Theofrastous & Galvin, 2000; WHO, 2003), and has a significant impact on the mother and long-term consequences on the cognitive and emotional development of children (Tammentie, Tarka, Astedt-Kurki & Paavilainen, 2002). It is generally also agreed that while this illness can turn into major depression and carries substantial risk of morbidity and death, it is an underdiagnosed and underrated illness. Mathers & Loncar (2006) project that by the year 2030, depression will be one of the top three leading causes of death in the world; yet PPD is one of the least addressed types of depression today. Additionally, for women who have experienced PPD, up to 50% will face a reoccurrence during subsequent pregnancies (Nonacs and Cohen, 2000).\
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jmmh/10381607.0009.104/--prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-postpartum-depression?rgn=main;view=fulltext
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Indian genetic disease database
Indians, representing about one-sixth of the world population, consist of several thousands of endogamous groups with strong potential for excess of recessive diseases. However, no database is available on Indian population with comprehensive information on the diseases common in the country. To address this issue, we present Indian Genetic Disease Database (IGDD) release 1.0 (http://www.igdd.iicb.res.in)—an integrated and curated repository of growing number of mutation data on common genetic diseases afflicting the Indian populations. Currently the database covers 52 diseases with information on 5760 individuals carrying the mutant alleles of causal genes. Information on locus heterogeneity, type of mutation, clinical and biochemical data, geographical location and common mutations are furnished based on published literature. The database is currently designed to work best with Internet Explorer 8 (optimal resolution 1440?×?900) and it can be searched based on disease of interest, causal gene, type of mutation and geographical location of the patients or carriers. Provisions have been made for deposition of new data and logistics for regular updation of the database. The IGDD web portal, planned to be made freely available, contains user-friendly interfaces and is expected to be highly useful to the geneticists, clinicians, biologists and patient support groups of various genetic diseases.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013653/
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Prevalence of common disease-associated variants in Asian Indians
2008
Trevor J Pemberton,
Niyati U Mehta,
David Witonsky,
Anna Di Rienzo,
Hooman Allayee,
David V Conti and
Pragna I PatelEmail author
BMC Genetics20089:13
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-13
© Pemberton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008
Background
Asian Indians display a high prevalence of diseases linked to changes in diet and environment that have arisen as their lifestyle has become more westernized. Using 1200 genome-wide polymorphisms in 432 individuals from 15 Indian language groups, we have recently shown that: (i) Indians constitute a distinct population-genetic cluster, and (ii) despite the geographic and linguistic diversity of the groups they exhibit a relatively low level of genetic heterogeneity.
Results
We investigated the prevalence of common polymorphisms that have been associated with diseases, such as atherosclerosis (ALOX5), hypertension (CYP3A5, AGT, GNB3), diabetes (CAPN10, TCF7L2, PTPN22), prostate cancer (DG8S737, rs1447295), Hirschsprung disease (RET), and age-related macular degeneration (CFH, LOC387715). In addition, we examined polymorphisms associated with skin pigmentation (SLC24A5) and with the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (TAS2R38). All polymorphisms were studied in a cohort of 576 India-born Asian Indians sampled in the United States. This sample consisted of individuals whose mother tongue is one of 14 of the 22 "official" languages recognized in India as well as individuals whose mother tongue is Parsi, a cultural group that has resided in India for over 1000 years. Analysis of the data revealed that allele frequency differences between the different Indian language groups were small, and interestingly the variant alleles of ALOX5 g.8322G>A and g.50778G>A, and PTPN22 g.36677C>T were present only in a subset of the Indian language groups. Furthermore, a latitudinal cline was identified both for the allele frequencies of the SNPs associated with hypertension (CYP3A5, AGT, GNB3), as well as for those associated with the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (TAS2R38).
Conclusion
Although caution is warranted due to the fact that this US-sampled Indian cohort may not represent a random sample from India, our results will hopefully assist in the design of future studies that investigate the genetic causes of these diseases in India. Our results also support the inclusion of the Indian population in disease-related genetic studies, as it exhibits unique genotype as well as phenotype characteristics that may yield new insights into the underlying causes of common diseases that are not available in other populations.
https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2156-9-13
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Diet, Genetics, and Disease: A Focus on the Middle East and North Africa Region
2012
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2012/109037/
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An Overview of Human Genetic Disorders with Special Reference to African Americans
October 27, 2015
Diabetes
Hypertension
Pancreatic Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Alzheimer’s Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Kidney Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
AIDS
Sarcoidosis
[Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency]
[Beta-thalassemia]
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/an-overview-of-human-genetic-disorders-with-special-reference-to-africanamericans-2155-9821-1000e139.php?aid=63273
-----------
Genetic disorders in Southern Africa.
Abstract
Certain uncommon genetic disorders occur relatively frequently in the various population groups of Southern Africa. Prominent among these are porphyria, colonic polyposis and sclerosteosis in the Afrikaner community, Huntington's chorea in the British, Gaucher's and Tay-Sachs diseases in the Jewish population, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PD deficiency) and thalassaemia in the Greek community, various skeletal dysplasias in the Black group, lipoid proteinosis and cleidocranial dysostosis in the Cape Coloured population, diabetes mellitus in the Indian community and retinitis pigmentosa in the Tristan da Cunha islanders. In addition, 'private' syndromes have been encountered in virtually every group. Awareness of the ethnic distribution of unusual genetic conditions is of considerable practical importance during the differential diagnosis of obscure disease.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/959924
---------------------------------------------
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN
POPULATIONS: HUMAN EVOLUTION
AND COMPLEX DISEASE
http://bioinformatics.bc.edu/~marth/BI820-2004S/files/Tishkoff-AfricanPop-NRG-2002.pdf
---------------------------------------------------
Moroccan Genetic Disease Database
Database content
| Disease | 325 |
|---|---|
| Gene | 389 |
| Mutation | 532 |
| Polymorphism | 305 |
| Article | 399 |
http://mgdd.pasteur.ma/
--------------------------------
Genetics and genomic medicine in Morocco: the present hope can
make the future bright
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mgg3.255/pdf
-------------------------
Consanguinity and genetic disorders in Egypt
Jan 2012http://journals.lww.com/mejmedgen/Fulltext/2012/01000/Consanguinity_and_genetic_disorders_in_Egypt.3.aspx
------------------------
Profile of genetic disorders prevalent in northeast region of Cairo, Egypt
February 2012http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110863011000620
---------------------------
The genetic affinities of Ethiopians
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/01/the-genetic-affinities-of-ethiopians/#.WXDzxullDIU
-------------------------
Hereditary neurodegenerative disorders in Nigerian Africans.
1984https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6230542
--------------------
Oldest genetic disorder few Kenyans know about
April 16th 2017
https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/article/2001236551/oldest-genetic-disorder-few-kenyans-know-about
--------------------
Congo’s Uncharted Territory
Aug 19, 2013http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2013/08/19/congos-neglected-tropical-diseases/#.WXDxSOllDIU
--------------------
Genetic Disorders in Sudan
April 2010https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-05080-0_20/fulltext.html
---------------------
Blacks More Prone to Colon Cancers That Arise Between Colonoscopies: Study
May 22, 2017
A new study finds that older black Americans are far more likely than whites to develop a colon cancer in the decade-long gap between these screenings.
Some of this may be due to where black patients receive their colonoscopy, the researchers said.
"Blacks and other minorities more frequently received colonoscopies from physicians with lower [colon] polyp detection rates, suggesting there was lower quality of care," said study lead author Stacey Fedewa, a researcher with the American Cancer Society.
http://health.usnews.com/health-care/articles/2017-05-22/blacks-more-prone-to-colon-cancers-that-arise-between-colonoscopies-study
------------
African Americans at Increased Risk for Eye Diseases
Cataracts
Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye. African Americans are 1.5 times more likely to develop cataracts than the general population and five times more likely to develop related blindness.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma refers to a family of diseases that affect the optic nerve and cause vision loss. African Americans are five times more likely than whites to develop glaucoma and four times more likely to develop related blindness.
Diabetes
African American adults are twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to be diagnosed with diabetes and twice as likely to develop and die from diabetes-related complications. Diabetes can cause diabetic retinopathy, a condition that can lead to retinal damage and permanent vision loss.
Hypertension
Even though hypertension may not seem to be related to the eyes, high blood pressure can cause vision problems and vision loss. African American adults are more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension but less likely to have the condition under control (Source: Vision Problems).
Black History Month is truly a time to celebrate, so what better way to celebrate than to schedule a comprehensive eye exam? An eye exam does much more than evaluate the clarity of your vision; it can serve as a window into your overall health. Celebrate good health this February by getting a thorough vision screening!
http://yoursightmatters.com/african-americr-eye-diseases/
--------------------
Glaucoma in the African American and Hispanic Communities
Yvonne Ou, MD
University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Medical Center
Thursday, January 1, 2015
African Americans and Hispanics are at increased risk of developing glaucoma. Find out why and learn about important steps that can prevent vision loss from this eye disease.
http://www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/article/glaucoma-african-american-and-hispanic-communities
--------
Blacks Seem More Vulnerable to Deadly Blood Infection
By Jenifer Goodwin
HealthDay Reporter
TUESDAY, June 22 (HealthDay News) -- Black patients are more likely to develop the life-threatening blood infection sepsis and have a greater chance of dying from it than whites, new research suggests.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=117445
-----------
High Blood Pressure in African-Americans
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, affects African-Americans in unique ways:
African-Americans develop high blood pressure at younger ages than other groups in the U.S.
African-Americans are more likely to develop complications associated with high blood pressure. These problems include stroke, kidney disease, blindness, dementia, and heart disease.
http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/hypertension-in-african-americans#1
------------
Blacks still dying more from cancer than whites
February 18, 2009
Three years ago, the American Cancer Society (ACS) broke some exciting news: for the first time in decades, U.S. cancer deaths fell. The trend continued the following year. But new research today shows that the milestone has been a mixed bag for one segment of the population, African-Americans. They’re also dying less of cancer—in some cases, their gains are coming at a faster pace than for whites—but the disease still kills them more often.
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/news-blog/blacks-still-dying-more-of-cancer-t-2009-02-18/
------------
Prostate cancer risk in African Americans
African Americans are more likely to develop — and die from — prostate cancer than others. But why?
This year, the American Cancer Society estimates that nearly 1.5 million Americans will be diagnosed with some form of cancer — and that figure doesn’t even include more than 1 million cases of certain skin cancers. The organization estimates that cancer will also claim 562,340 lives in 2009. Scientific evidence shows that about one-third of those deaths could have been prevented by making lifestyle changes. Smoking, being overweight or obese, not exercising, and eating a poor diet — all modifiable risk factors — have been linked to cancer (as well as heart disease, diabetes, and many other conditions).
http://www.harvardprostateknowledge.org/prostate-cancer-risk-in-african-americans
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Racial Differences in Reported Lyme Disease Incidence
2000
In the United States, the incidence of Lyme disease is considered to be disproportionately high among Whites because of risk of exposure. For assessment of racial differences in Lyme disease incidence and the role of risk
exposure, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for Lyme disease and its manifestations between Whites and African Americans in Maryland and in its focus of endemicity, the Upper Eastern Shore, were calculated. Calculations were based on reported cases of Lyme disease in Maryland during the years 1992–1996. The IRR for Lyme disease between Whites and African Americans was 6.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0, 8.0), decreasing to 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.7) for the Upper Eastern Shore. Statewide, there was a significant difference between the White to African American IRR for erythema migrans and for Lyme disease-associated arthritis, at 17.7 (95% CI: 11.2, 27.8) and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7, 3.2), respectively. On the Upper Eastern Shore, the IRR for arthritis
reversed, indicating higher incidence among African Americans than among Whites: IRR = 5.7 (95% CI: 2.4,13.9) for erythema migrans and IRR = 0.7 (95% CI: 0.4, 1.1) for arthritis. White patients were more likely to have erythema migrans (risk ratio = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.9, 4.1) and less likely to have arthritis than were African Americans(risk ratio = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.5). Among all patients, there was a significant negative association between arthritis and erythema migrans. Although much of the racial disparity in incidence rates diminishes in a rural, endemic area, consistent with exposure risk being responsible for much of the variation, a difference remains.
This may be due to failure to recognize early disease (erythema migrans) among African Americans, resulting in increased rates of late manifestations. Geographic spread of the disease warrants efforts to increase awareness of Lyme disease and its manifestations among people of color and the health care providers who serve them.
https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/aje/152/8/10.1093/aje/152.8.756/2/756.pdf?Expires=1500258112&Signature=F1DoMlshZnNEHWu~2fUwXIR1oKQq4~R2DNIiCIc5GXfui4gPyBRd0~98cDAx74Sda~2DqPTtQAOshONXI1fZHWYUIWMj8LbDZkFeFupFdQfZ-ceP-Akto8-CrB4Uq7B-4wd1qDq0zKQrhks0vKDFJGd3Cvxe7ySA-b2L1zzRdiRDEEQJwYOpl5Wvuf9MIsQ5BSzzlQPA~woJXRfkZJ3p0Cno1o4erPBQiAOs4ngIKLYjafnTnVIhPnve2YvMt54lXG7kWfKLDioAhxZMxup9fCo5dPj5Fa8gXi-iCnvusIW62cb9ytVGhBwicoNIKETVwz9wEhkKZUYo7bOKZ~0YGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIUCZBIA4LVPAVW3Q
------
Alzheimer's Affects Races Differently: Researchers
Thursday, 16 Jul 2015
Alzheimer's disease seems to develop differently in the brains of black patients than in whites.
And, black people seem more likely to suffer different types of brain changes that also contribute to dementia, a new study reports.
Alzheimer's disease dementia is generally associated with a build-up of substances known as plaques and tangles inside the brain.
But, there are other brain changes that can also contribute to dementia, the study authors noted.
For example, the brains of people with dementia sometimes contain infarcts -- tiny areas of dead tissue caused by micro-strokes, the researchers explained.
They also might contain Lewy bodies -- another form of abnormal protein build-up in the brain that's usually associated with Parkinson's disease.
Autopsies of black and white Alzheimer's patients revealed that blacks were more likely than whites to experience a mix of dementia-related changes, as opposed to the damage usually associated with "pure" Alzheimer's dementia, according to the study.
"We were surprised that the African Americans were much more likely to have a mixed picture," said lead author Lisa Barnes, a professor of neurology and behavioral science at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. "The underlying brain changes were different, which indicates that they probably had different risk factors."
The study findings were published online July 15 in advance of print publication in the journal Neurology.
http://www.newsmax.com/Health/Health-News/alzheimers-dementia-races-blacks/2015/07/16/id/657369/
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How Alzheimer’s Is Different in African-Americans
Jul 15, 2015
The hallmark signs of Alzheimer’s are well-established—plaques of amyloid protein and tangles of tau protein in the brain, which work to suffocate and eventually destroy neurons that are dedicated to higher level functions such as memory and reasoning.But in a study published in the journal Neurology, researchers show that there may be important differences in the way Alzheimer’s appears in the brains of African-American and white patients. When Lisa Barnes, a neurologist at the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center at Rush University Medical Center and her colleagues compared the brains of 41 black patients who had died of the disease to the brains of 81 white patients, they found a much more complex picture of Alzheimer's in the brains of the African-Americans.
These patients were more likely to have not just the familiar plaques and tangles, but also other signs of neurological abnormalities, including Lewy bodies, signs of infarcts and blood vessel disease. In fact, 71% of the African-American patients showed this mixed picture compared to 50% of the white patients.
The most common—and surprising, says Barnes—connection involved the Lewy bodies. These are clumps of proteins that aggregate inside nerve cells, particularly those involved in movement. They are common in Parkinson’s patients and can contribute to tremors as well as hallucinations and sleep disruptions. Because the black population is known to have higher risk of circulatory disorders, including stroke and hypertension, Barnes expected to find more infarct-related differences when comparing the brains of African-Americans to those of whites. “We did not find that,” she says. “We found a much more mixed picture than just infarcts, and that was a little bit surprising.”
http://time.com/3959295/alzheimers-african-americans/
---------
UNC study: Frequency of foot disorders differs between African Americans and whites
Monday, November 8, 2010 — African Americans in the study age 45 or older were three times more likely than whites of the same age to have corns or flat feet. In people who were not obese, African Americans were twice as likely to have bunions and hammer toes than whites.
http://www.med.unc.edu/www/newsarchive/2010/november/unc-study-frequency-of-foot-disorders-differs-between-african-americans-and-whites
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Asthma in African Americans: What can we do about the higher rates of disease?
March, 2012
To remedy disparities such as greater disease severity and higher rates of hospitalization and death, we need to ensure that all patients receive proper care and the knowledge they need to control their asthma.
ABSTRACT
African Americans not only have a higher prevalence of asthma than whites, they also are encumbered with higher rates of asthma-associated morbidity and death. Factors such as genetics, socioeconomic status, health maintenance behaviors, air quality, and obesity likely contribute in combination to these burdens. Further work is needed to better understand these complex risk factors. To remedy these disparities, we need to ensure that patients at higher risk are given proper care and the knowledge to control their asthma.
http://www.mdedge.com/ccjm/article/95718/pulmonology/asthma-african-americans-what-can-we-do-about-higher-rates-disease
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Genetics key to African-Americans' hypertension
Stanford Report, January 26, 2005
National health records have shown that African-Americans are more prone to high blood pressure than Caucasians, but pinning down the roots of that difference has proven elusive. Now, researchers at the School of Medicine have narrowed down the search for genes that contribute to this difference in disease risk.
Finding such a gene could have several benefits for African-Americans and other ethnic groups. One is that by knowing the normal role of the gene, doctors can better understand the disease and devise new drugs or treatments to keep blood pressure under control. It could also lead to genetic tests to help identify people at higher risk of heart disease.
http://news.stanford.edu/news/2005/january26/med-hypertension-012605.html
-----------------------
Metabolic Syndrome in African Americans: Implications for Preventing Coronary Heart Disease
2007
Summary:
The metabolic syndrome represents a specific
clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the same individu-
al (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated
blood pressure, insulin resistance, a prothrombotic state, and
a proinflammatory state). Almost 50 million American adults
(about one in four) have the metabolic syndrome, which puts
them at increased risk for the development of diabetes melli-
tus and cardiovascular disease. African Americans, especial-
ly African-American women, have a high prevalence of the
metabolic syndrome. This is attributable mainly to the dis-
proportionate occurrence in African Americans of elevated
blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Management of the
metabolic syndrome consists primarily of modification or re-
versal of the root causes (overweight/obesity and physical in-
activity) and therapy to reduce or control the risk factors.
Although all components of the metabolic syndrome should
be addressed, optimal control of atherogenic dyslipidemia
and elevated blood pressure may reduce cardiovascular risk
by more than 80%.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/clc.20003/pdf
-----------------
Food Allergies Among Kids Vary by Race: Study
Researchers find blacks and Hispanics more likely to be allergic to corn and shellfish, for instance.
TUESDAY, Nov. 22, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Black and Hispanic children are much more likely to have corn, shellfish and fish allergies than white children, according to a U.S. study.
The study also found that compared to whites, black children have much higher rates of asthma, eczema and allergies to wheat and soy.
https://consumer.healthday.com/respiratory-and-allergy-information-2/food-allergy-news-16/food-allergies-among-kids-vary-by-race-study-717085.html
--------------------------
Why Black Children May Be More Likely to Develop Food Allergies
Sept. 05, 2011
New research suggests that race and ancestry may play an important role in food allergies.
Dr. Rajesh Kumar, a pediatrician at Northwestern University Medical School, and his team report in the journal Pediatrics that black children are more than twice as likely as white children to have sensitivities to eight foods that commonly cause allergic reactions, and that they are especially vulnerable to peanut allergies.
While other studies have linked African American ethnicity to a higher risk of asthma, Kumar’s group was interested in investigating whether race also affects children’s risk of allergy to certain foods. Using a multi-ethnic database of 1,104 children who participated in regular health checkups at 6 months, then again at 1, 2, 4 and 6 years old, the scientists measured the youngsters’ antibodies to egg white, cow’s milk, peanut, soy, shrimp, walnut, wheat and cod.
http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/05/why-black-children-might-be-more-likely-to-develop-food-allergies/
------------
Are People of Certain Races and Ethnicities More Susceptible to Food Allergies
Nov, 2015
https://www.premierallergyohio.com/doctors-blog/are-people-of-certain-races-and-ethnicities-more-susceptible-to-food-allergies
-----------
Racial Differences in Allergic Sensitization: Recent Findings and Future Directions
June, 2013
Racial disparities are present in many facets of health and disease. Allergy and asthma are no exceptions. Secondary results from cross-sectional and cohort studies have provided information on the scope of racial disparities in allergic sensitization in the United States. African American/Black individuals tend to be sensitized more frequently than White individuals. Little is known about rates in other race groups. Genetics are unlikely to be the sole or major cause of the observed differences. Home dust allergen and endotoxin levels cannot explain the differences. Studies that have been designed to specifically address the sources of these racial disparities are needed. A “Multilevel Framework” that considers the roles of the individual, family and community presents an excellent approach to guide design of future studies of the causes of these disparities. Understanding the causes of the disparities could lead to interventions that would improve the health of all individuals.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888051/
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Ethnic differences in coronary atherosclerosis
February 2002
Conclusions
As compared with whites, blacks and Hispanics had significantly lower prevalence of CAC and obstructive coronary disease. Ethnic differences in risk-factor profiles do not explain these differences. This study demonstrated that whites have a higher atherosclerotic burden than blacks and Hispanics, independent of risk-factor differences among symptomatic patients referred for angiography.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073510970101748X
--------------
Why Are African-Americans at Greater Risk for Heart Disease?
African-Americans are at higher risk for heart disease, yet they're less likely to get the care they need.
African-Americans and Heart Failure
In a startling 2009 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that African-Americans have a much higher incidence of heart failure than other races, and it develops at younger ages. Heart failure means that the heart isn't able to pump blood as well as it should.
Before age 50, African-Americans' heart failure rate is 20 times higher than that of whites, according to the study. Four risk factors are the strongest predictors of heart failure: high blood pressure (also called hypertension), chronic kidney disease, being overweight, and having low levels of HDL, the "good" cholesterol. Three-fourths of African-Americans who develop heart failure have high blood pressure by age 40.
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/why-african-americans-greater-risk-heart-disease#1
--------------
Black Women Have Worse Breast Cancer Survival Rates Compared to Whites and Hispanics
http://www.breastcancer.org/research-news/black-women-have-worse-survival-rates
----------------
Race, Ancestry, and Development of Food-Allergen Sensitization in Early Childhood
2011 Oct
RESULTS:
In this predominantly minority cohort (60.9% black and 22.5% Hispanic), 35.5% of subjects exhibited food sensitizations. In multivariate models, both self-reported black race (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–4.44]) and African ancestry (in 10% increments; OR: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.02–1.14]) were associated with food sensitization. Self-reported black race (OR: 3.76 [95% CI: 1.09–12.97]) and African ancestry (OR: 1.19 [95% CI: 1.07–1.32]) were associated with a high number (=3) of food sensitizations. African ancestry was associated with increased odds of peanut sIgE levels of =5 kUA/L (OR: 1.25 [95% CI: 1.01–1.52]). Similar ancestry associations were seen for egg sIgE levels of =2 kUA/L (OR: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.01–1.27]) and milk sIgE levels of =5 kUA/L (OR: 1.24 [95% CI: 0.94–1.63]), although findings were not significant for milk.
CONCLUSIONS:
Black children were more likely to be sensitized to food allergens and were sensitized to more foods. African ancestry was associated with peanut sensitization.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3182844/
------------------------------------------
1.What Is Sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis involves inflammation that produces tiny lumps of cells in various organs in
your body. The lumps are called granulomas because they look like grains of sugar or sand.
They are very small and can be seen only with a microscope. These tiny granulomas can grow and
clump together, making many large and small groups of lumps. If many granulomas form in
an organ, they can affect how the organ works
Who Gets It?
Sarcoidosis affects people of all ages and races worldwide.
It occurs mostly in:
Adults between the ages of 20 and 40
African Americans (especially women)
http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/wtc/downloads/pdf/wtc/SarcoidosisFS.pdf
-----------------------------------
Coccidioidomycosis in African Americans
Jan, 2011
Coccidioidomycosis is caused by Coccidioides species, a fungus endemic to the desert regions of the southwestern United States, and is of particular concern for African Americans. We performed a PubMed search of the English-language medical literature on coccidioidomycosis in African Americans and summarized the pertinent literature. Search terms were coccidioidomycosis, Coccidioides, race, ethnicity, African, black, and Negro. The proceedings of the national and international coccidioidomycosis symposia were searched. All relevant articles and their cited references were reviewed; those with epidemiological, immunologic, clinical, and therapeutic data pertaining to coccidioidomycosis in African Americans were included in the review. Numerous studies documented an increased predilection for severe coccidioidal infections, coccidioidomycosis-related hospitalizations, and extrapulmonary dissemination in persons of African descent; however, most of the published studies are variably problematic. The immunologic mechanism for this predilection is unclear. The clinical features and treatment recommendations are summarized. Medical practitioners need to be alert to the possibility of coccidioidomycosis in persons with recent travel to or residence in an area where the disease is endemic.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3012635/
---------------------
5 Diseases More Common in Minorities
Oct 13, 2011
Although more and more people are living longer with colorectal cancer, new research has found that black people with the disease aren't living as long as whites.
In an analysis of more than 14,000 patients with stage 2 and 3 colorectal cancer who had surgery to remove tumors, followed by treatment to prevent recurrence, the 1,218 African-American patients had a lower five-year survival rate than their white counterparts, according to researchers, led by Greg Yothers of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Biostatistical Center in Pittsburgh.
Five years after diagnosis, 72.8 percent of white patients survived cancer, but only 68.2 percent of blacks survived.
Colorectal cancer isn't the only medical condition that disproportionately affects certain races. Black people, for example, have much poorer health outcomes for a number of diseases.
"Across the board, if you look at the 15 leading causes of death in the U.S., blacks have higher death rates than whites in about 12 of them, including heart disease, cancer and stroke," said David Williams, the Norman professor of public health at the Harvard School of Public Health.
Cancer
Heart disease
HIV/AIDS
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/diseases-common-minorities/story?id=14722258
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Why 7 Deadly Diseases Strike Blacks Most
Health care disparities heighten disease differences between African-Americans and white Americans.
Several deadly diseases strike black Americans harder and more often than they do white Americans.
Fighting back means genetic research. It means changing the system for testing new drugs. It means improving health education. It means overcoming disparities in health care. It means investments targeted to the health of black Americans. And the evidence so far indicates that these investments will pay health dividends not just for racial minorities, but for everyone.
Yet we're closer to the beginning of the fight than to the end. Some numbers:
Diabetes is 60% more common in black Americans than in white Americans. Blacks are up to 2.5 times more likely to suffer a limb amputation and up to 5.6 times more likely to suffer kidney disease than other people with diabetes.
African-Americans are three times more likely to die of asthma than white Americans.
Deaths from lung scarring -- sarcoidosis -- are 16 times more common among blacks than among whites. The disease recently killed former NFL star Reggie White at age 43.
Despite lower tobacco exposure, black men are 50% more likely than white men to get lung cancer.
Strokes kill 4 times more 35- to 54-year-old black Americans than white Americans. Blacks have nearly twice the first-time stroke risk of whites.
Blacks develop high blood pressure earlier in life -- and with much higher blood pressure levels -- than whites. Nearly 42% of black men and more than 45% of black women aged 20 and older have high blood pressure.
Cancer treatment is equally successful for all races. Yet black men have a 40% higher cancer death rate than white men. African-American women have a 20% higher cancer death rate than white women.
http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/features/why-7-deadly-diseases-strike-blacks-most#1
--------------------------------
A Genetically Engineered Live Attenuated Vaccine of Coccidioides posadasii Protects BALB/c Mice against Coccidioidomycosis
2007ABSTRACT
Coccidioidomycosis (also known as San
Joaquin Valley fever) is an occupational disease. Workers exposed to
outdoor dust which
contains spores of the soil-inhabiting fungus have a
significantly increased risk of respiratory infection. In addition,
people
with compromised T-cell immunity, the elderly, and
certain racial groups, particularly African-Americans and Filipinos, who
live in regions of endemicity in the southwestern
United States have an elevated incidence of symptomatic infection caused
by inhalation of spores of Coccidioides posadasii or Coccidioides immitis.
Recurring epidemics and escalation of medical costs have helped to
motivate production of a vaccine against valley fever.
The major focus has been the development of a
defined, T-cell-reactive, recombinant protein vaccine. However, none of
the
products described to date have provided full
protection to coccidioidal disease-susceptible BALB/c mice. Here we
describe
the first genetically engineered, live, attenuated
vaccine that protects both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice against
coccidioidomycosis.
http://iai.asm.org/content/77/8/3196.full
---------------------------
Who Gets Lupus
It has been estimated that lupus affects 1.5 million Americans, and millions more worldwide.
Although the cause of lupus is unknown, genetics and hormones are thought to play a role.
Ninety percent are young women
The
majority of people with lupus—90 percent—are female, and most first
develop signs and symptoms of the illness between the ages of 15 and 44.
As adults, far fewer males than females develop lupus.
The scenario is much different under age 18 and over age 50, when as many males as females have the disease.
Many
men struggle with the idea that they have a “woman’s disease,” in fact
the diagnosis has no connection to manliness. Find out more about lupus
in men
Lupus discriminates against African American, Latina, and Native American women
African-American
women are three times more likely than Caucasian women to get lupus and
develop severe symptoms, with as many as 1 in every 250 affected.
And
the disease is two times more prevalent in Asian-American and Latina
women than it is in Caucasian women. Women of Native American descent
are also disproportionately affected.
The famous Lupus
in Minorities: Nature Versus Nurture (LUMINA) study—a large
multi-ethnic, multi-regional, and multi-institutional examination of
lupus begun in 1993—found that genetic and ethnic factors are more
important than socioeconomic ones in influencing disease activity.
The study tracked death, damage, disability, and disease activity.
The
results also suggest that there are probably other genetic factors
affecting the presentation of the disease in the African-American and
Latino communities.
The researchers have published
numerous papers reporting study findings on the relative contribution of
genetic and socioeconomic factors on the course and outcome of lupus in
Latinos, African Americans, and Caucasians.
LUMINA findings include:
African-Americans and Latinas with lupus tend to develop the disease
earlier in life, experience greater disease activity such as kidney
problems, and, overall, have more complications than Caucasian patients.
Latinas had a poorer prognosis overall than Caucasian women, were more
likely to have kidney involvement and damage, and showed a more rapid
rate of kidney failure.
African-Americans have a higher frequency of neurological problems such as seizures, hemorrhage, and stroke.
Latinas experience a higher level of cardiac disease.
What
have we learned from a 10-year experience with the LUMINA (Lupus in
Minorities; Nature vs. nurture) cohort? Where are we heading? Read the
PubMed abstract
http://www.lupusny.org/about-lupus/who-gets-lupus
-----------------------------
Ethnicity-Related Skeletal Muscle Differences Across the Lifespan
Jan, 2010
Abstract
Despite
research and clinical significance, limited information is available on
the relations between skeletal muscle (SM) and age in adults,
specifically among Hispanics, African Americans (AA), and Asians. The
aim was to investigate possible sex and ethnic SM differences in adults
over an age range of 60 years. Subjects were 468 male and 1280 female
adults (=18 years). SM was estimated based on DXA-measured appendicular
lean-soft tissue using a previously reported prediction equation.
Locally weighted regression smoothing lines were fit to examine SM
trends and to localize age cutoffs; piecewise multiple linear regression
models were then applied, controlling for weight and height, to
identify age cutoffs for sex-specific changes in SM among the ethnic
groups. The age of 27 years was identified for women and men as the
cut-off after which SM starts to show a negative association with age.
Both sexes had a similar ethnic pattern for expected mean SM at the age
cutoff, with AA presenting the highest SM values, followed by Whites,
Hispanics, and Asians. After the age cutoffs, the lowering of SM
differed by ethnicity and sex: AA women showed the greatest SM lowering
whereas Hispanic women had the least. Hispanic men tended to show a
higher negative association of SM with age followed by AA and Whites. To
conclude, significant sex and ethnic differences exist in the magnitude
of negative associations of SM with age >27 years. Further studies
using a longitudinal design are needed to explore the associations of
ethnicity-related decline of SM with health risks.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795070/
-----------------------------
Who were the ghost people of Africa? DNA reveals ancient Africans bred with new unknown race of humans just 50,000 years ago
13 February 2020
The researchers studied the genetic material of 405 people from West Africa
They discovered mystery genetic material, which they have termed 'ghost DNA'
It suggests that humans mixed with an unknown group about 50,000 years ago
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7997861/New-study-shows-ghost-DNA-modern-day-population-west-Africa.html
--------------------------------
The 'Ghosts' of 2 Unknown Extinct Human Species Have Been Found in Modern DNA
17 JULY 2019
https://www.sciencealert.com/two-unknown-species-of-ancient-extinct-hominids-have-been-identified-in-modern-dna
--------------------------------
Aboriginal Australians, Pacific Islanders carry DNA of unknown human species, research analysis suggests
October 2016
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-26/dna-of-extinct-human-species-pacific-islanders-analysis-suggests/7968950
-----------------------------
Close inbreeding and low genetic diversity in Inner Asian human populations despite geographical exogamy
2018
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27047-3
-----------------------
“Chinese Are a Subspecies”
All Look Same?
http://alllooksame.com/chinese-are-a-subspecies/
----------------------
Not Politically Correct
Human Biodiversity, IQ, Evolutionary Psychology, and Evolution
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2016/10/19/blacks-are-not-stronger-than-whites/
-------------------------------------
Race and health
Race
and health refers to the relationship between individual health and
one's race and ethnicity. Differences in health status, health outcomes,
life expectancy, and many other indicators of health in different
racial and ethnic groups is well documented, referred to as health
disparities. Race is a complex concept, and the two major competing
theories of race use biological definitions and social construction to
define racial difference. Although this relationship can vary depending
on the definitions used, race is generally used in the context of health
research as a fluid concept to group populations of people according to
various factors that include but are not limited to ancestry, social
identity, visible phenotype, and genetic makeup. Determinants of
health include environmental, social, and genetic factors, as well as
the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_health
------------------------------------
Inequality in disease
While
rates of incidence for many diseases vary based on biological factors
and inheritable characteristics, a larger disparity, which cannot be
explained by biological factors, exists in disease rates among varying
racial and socioeconomic groups in the United States (for example,
lower-income African-Americans and upper-class Caucasians). This
suggests that social and economic factors play a role in determining who
acquires certain diseases in the United States. For example, heart
disease is the most dangerous disease in America, followed closely by
cancer, with the fifth most deadly being diabetes. The general risk
factors associated with these three diseases include obesity and poor
diet, tobacco and alcohol use, physical inactivity, and access to
medical care and health information. While some of these risk factors
are individual health choices, all of them are also correlated with
socioeconomic factors, such as gender, race, income, environment, and
education, and consequently, a person’s likelihood for developing heart
disease, cancer, or diabetes is in part correlated with these social
factors. Men are more likely than women to die from heart disease.
Likewise, African-Americans and other racial minorities have higher
mortality rates from heart disease, cancer, and diabetes than their
white counterparts. Among all racial groups, individuals who are
impoverished or low income, have lower levels of educational attainment,
and live in lower-income neighborhoods are all more likely to develop
heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequality_in_disease
-----------------------------
Environmental racism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_racism
-----------------
Beauty Products Marketed to Black Women May Contain More Hazardous Chemicals: Report
Dec 06, 2016
Beauty
and hair products marketed to black women are more likely to contain
potentially harmful chemicals and ingredients, according to a new report
from a nonprofit environmental research group.
http://time.com/4591079/beauty-products-marketed-to-black-women-may-contain-more-hazardous-chemicals-report/
--------------------
Prenatal Exposure To Flame Retardants Linked With Lower IQ In Children
A risk found to be greater than lead exposure
August 9, 2017https://www.infowars.com/prenatal-exposure-to-flame-retardants-linked-with-lower-iq-in-children/
---------------
For more information on toxins in food and cosmetics, view our book titled "The DuPont Investigation" - DuPontInvestigation.Blogspot.com
----------
Secret World War II Chemical Experiments Tested Troops By Race
June 22, 2015
As a young U.S. Army soldier during World War II, Rollins Edwards knew better than to refuse an assignment.
When officers led him and a dozen others into a wooden gas chamber and locked the door, he didn't complain. None of them did. Then, a mixture of mustard gas and a similar agent called lewisite was piped inside.
"It felt like you were on fire," recalls Edwards, now 93 years old. "Guys started screaming and hollering and trying to break out. And then some of the guys fainted. And finally they opened the door and let us out, and the guys were just, they were in bad shape."
Edwards was one of 60,000 enlisted men enrolled in a once-secret government program — formally declassified in 1993 — to test mustard gas and other chemical agents on American troops. But there was a specific reason he was chosen: Edwards is African-American.
"They said we were being tested to see what effect these gases would have on black skins," Edwards says.
http://www.npr.org/2015/06/22/415194765/u-s-troops-tested-by-race-in-secret-world-war-ii-chemical-experiments
-----------------------------
Watch: Racists Caught Putting Poison In Vaccines
Americans must come together to fight against all oppression
August 14, 2017
https://www.infowars.com/watch-racists-caught-putting-poison-in-vaccines/
-----------------------------
Black Babies being ‘Disproportionately Affected’ by MMR Vaccine Autism
11/07/2015
http://vaxxter.com/black-babies-being-disproportionately-affected-by-mmr-vaccine-autism/
--------------------------
The Depo Provera shot exposed! Present day eugenics
The Depo Provera has proven side effects that the FDA overlook and target non whites with this producthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDqHtPtTmjI
-------
New Documentary Alleges CDC Withheld Proof of Link Between Vaccines and Autism in Black Boys
Jan 26, 2016
A controversial scientist says the data was omitted from an official CDC report a decade ago. The agency says the link doesn't exist.
There has long been a debate about the link between vaccinations and autism, beginning with a now widely discredited study from British medical researcher Andrew Wakefield. Now, a new documentary from TruthInMedia.com alleges that not only is there a link, but that the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) covered it up.
In 2014, CDC doctor William Thompson sent Congress paperwork that he said was proof that the agency withheld data that suggested that Black boys who received the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine before the age of 36 months were at increased risk of developing autism. The CDC maintains that there was not enough data to draw race-based conclusions, and Snopes.com has an extensive post meant to debunk Thompson’s claims.
https://www.colorlines.com/articles/new-documentary-alleges-cdc-withheld-proof-link-between-vaccines-and-autism-black-boys
-----
Is Swine Flu A Race-Specific Virus?
April 29, 2009
First death in U.S. is Mexican toddler, prompting questions about why only hispanics have died despite outbreak spreading to at least ten countries.
The first swine flu death in the United States has been confirmed, but the victim is a Mexican toddler who caught the illness in Mexico before traveling to Texas. Serious questions must now be asked about why a virus that has spread across at least 10 countries and is suspected in many others has only killed hispanics, and whether a race-specific bio-weapon is being beta-tested.
https://www.prisonplanet.com/is-swine-flu-a-race-specific-virus.html
-----
Can genes be patented?
A gene patent is the exclusive rights to a specific sequence of DNA (a gene) given by a government to the individual, organization, or corporation who claims to have first identified the gene. Once granted a gene patent, the holder of the patent dictates how the gene can be used, in both commercial settings, such as clinical genetic testing, and in noncommercial settings, including research, for 20 years from the date of the patent. Gene patents have often resulted in companies having sole ownership of genetic testing for patented genes.
On June 13, 2013, in the case of the Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that human genes cannot be patented in the U.S. because DNA is a "product of nature." The Court decided that because nothing new is created when discovering a gene, there is no intellectual property to protect, so patents cannot be granted. Prior to this ruling, more than 4,300 human genes were patented. The Supreme Court's decision invalidated those gene patents, making the genes accessible for research and for commercial genetic testing.
The Supreme Court's ruling did allow that DNA manipulated in a lab is eligible to be patented because DNA sequences altered by humans are not found in nature. The Court specifically mentioned the ability to patent a type of DNA known as complementary DNA (cDNA). This synthetic DNA is produced from the molecule that serves as the instructions for making proteins (called messenger RNA).
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/testing/genepatents
----------------
How did patenting cause conflicts within the Human Genome Project?
Some scientists involved in the Human Genome Project upset the collaborative nature by trying to patent sections of the DNA sequence for their own financial gain.
Despite the collaborative atmosphere established during the years of the Human Genome Project?, it was not without its conflicts and disagreements.
Some scientists displayed differing ideas that threatened the progress of the project. Many were keen to achieve the scientific recognition of making an important discovery whilst also wanting to accommodate the needs of their corporate partners and make money!
“Through patenting, companies could gain ownership over specific sequences of DNA or genes.
Patenting was one way individuals were able to make commercial profit from the Human Genome Project. Through patenting?, companies could gain ownership over specific sequences of DNA? or genes?. This meant the company would have full rights over that sequence, allowing them to decide who can profit from carrying out research on it (and how much they charge them to access it) and how much to charge individuals wanting to be tested for those genes.
http://www.yourgenome.org/stories/how-did-patenting-cause-conflicts-within-the-human-genome-project
----------------
Chinese Scientists Genetically Modify Human Embryos—Again
4/8/16
Just one year after scientists in China made history by modifying the DNA of human embryos, a second team of Chinese researchers has done it again. Using CRISPR/Cas9, the researchers introduced HIV-resistance into the embryos, showcasing the tremendous potential for gene-editing.
In that earlier work, the Chinese scientists modified a gene responsible for a fatal blood disorder, but the embryos were quickly destroyed after the experiment. It was a watershed moment in biotechnology, showcasing the tremendous potential of CRISPR—a powerful gene editing tool—to alter our offspring at the genetic level. Should this technology ever reach the clinical stage, it could be used to eliminate all sorts of genetic diseases, but it could also be used to introduce entirely new capacities.
http://gizmodo.com/chinese-scientists-genetically-modify-human-embryos-aga-1769884160
-----
Massive DNA Collection Campaign in Xinjiang, China
https://soylentnews.org/article.pl?sid=17/05/26/0254237&from=rss
-------
GOP Bill Would Allow Genetic Testing Demands By Employers
It Might Soon Be Legal for Employers to Force You Into a Genetic Test
Mar 10, 2017
http://fortune.com/2017/03/10/genetic-testing-workplace-wellness-bill/
--------
Employees who decline genetic testing could face penalties under proposed bill
March 11, 2017
http://www.journalnow.com/news/local/employees-who-decline-genetic-testing-could-face-penalties-under-proposed/article_ec4136ca-650a-5ecd-9963-f5fb91acf1d4.html
--------------
Completely unconstitutional bill proposes forced genetic screening for employees
https://voat.co/v/pizzagate/comments/1710447
---------------------
Bill S-201: Liberal Backbenchers Defy Trudeau To Approve Genetic Testing Bill
OTTAWA — Liberal backbenchers have defied Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, voting in favour of a bill that would bar health and life insurance companies from forcing clients to disclose the results of genetic testing.
Just hours before the vote late Wednesday in the House of Commons, Trudeau said the proposed law is unconstitutional because it intrudes on provincial jurisdiction. He recommended that MPs vote against it.
But most Liberal backbenchers, along with Conservative and New Democrat MPs, ignored Trudeau's warning. The bill passed by a vote of 222-60.
It was a free vote, meaning Liberal backbenchers were not required to toe the party line. They did, however, come under pressure from the government, including Trudeau.
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/03/08/trudeau-bill-s-201-unconstitutional-_n_15246810.html
-----------------
{Many say that genetic testing is being done for several reasons, such as the government wanting to have your DNA, and for Obamacare or health insurance companies to have your information as well. This is also being done, because the government would like to also be able to do more scientific research, with many of these chemicals, including pollution being introduced in our society, and that can even change your DNA over a period of time. If your DNA can change or mutate, then you would think that the government would want to have an update on your DNA. Many claim that evolution in animals is caused by a DNA mutation, this can be a good thing. DNA mutations can also be bad, and can lead to health problems, including cancer. Radiation can even cause a mutation in the DNA of different organisms. Many say that one of the goals of many of these agencies such as MI5 and other security agencies, is to master the genetic coding, sequence and structure of DNA, through various techniques, including with genetic modification. To many, DNA is considered one of the great mysteries in our universe and even a miracle of life. Many even talk how the government wants everyone's DNA, in order to have a database to track people. You can even put DNA in a database, for drones to find people with just pointing a lazer at you, to identify you, and even harm or detain an individual. Some question if this is being done to verify certain races of people as well}.
-------
Russia 'collects DNA samples' of Muslim women
2013
Saliva samples of conservative women taken in wake of spate of suicide attacks in run-up to Sochi Winter Olympics.
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/10/russia-collects-dna-samples-muslim-women-2013103181444480202.html
-----------------------
Your DNA Changes
https://www.genisyss.com/dna-changes/
Many people are not aware that their DNA changes over time. Because DNA can be used for identification purposes, people assume that it remains the same over the course of their life. Although the pattern of the nucleotides (AGCT) doesn’t change, a process called DNA methylation describes the important changes that can occur and have been associated with the appearance of various medical conditions. An entire field of science, epigenetics, studies DNA and how it chemically changes. Every day, we encounter numerous factors that change our DNA including the sun’s radiation, pollution, chemicals in our foods and surroundings, and even stress. These DNA changes contribute to the expression of genetic and lifestyle-linked diseases including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, autism and a long list of others. Many of these diseases are incurable, but with the rapid progress that genetic research is making, this is changing. Already, DNA is being used therapeutically, and its usage is becoming an integral part of precision medicine. Stem cell research has identified ways to deliver therapeutic DNA to specific sites in your body. DNA is central to disease prevention and treatment.
---------------------
Isolated populations and complex disease gene identification
200
Table 1
Recent genetic studies of complex diseases and traits in special populations
Complex disease/trait
|
Gene/locus
|
Population/isolate
|
Reference
|
|---|---|---|---|
Affective disorders
|
Several loci
|
Northern Sweden
| |
Asthma
|
IRAK-M (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M)
|
Sardinia
| |
Asthma
|
CHI3L1 (chitinase 3-like 1)
|
Hutterites
| |
Asthma
|
NPSR1 (neuropeptide S receptor 1)
|
Finland
| |
Atrial fibrillation
|
4q25
|
Iceland
| |
Bipolar disorder
|
5q31-34
|
Antioquia (Colombia), Central Valley of Costa Rica
| |
Bone mineral density
|
Several loci
|
Iceland
| |
Breast cancer
|
5p12, 2q35, 16q12
|
Iceland
| |
Myocardial infarction
|
9p21
|
Iceland
| |
Coronary heart disease
|
8p22
|
French Canadians
| |
Crohn's disease
|
Several loci
|
French Canadians
| |
Fasting glucose levels
|
G6PC2 (glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic, 2)/ABCB11 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 11) region
|
Finland, Sardinia
| |
Exfoliation glaucoma
|
LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1)
|
Iceland
| |
Height
|
Several loci
|
Iceland
| |
Height
|
GDF5 (growth differentiation factor 5)/UQCC (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex chaperone) locus
|
Finland, Sardinia, Amish
| |
Nicotine dependence and smoking-related diseases
|
15q24
|
Iceland
| |
Obesity
|
FTO (fat mass and obesity associated), PFKP (phosphofructokinase, platelet)
|
Sardinia
| |
Parkinson's disease
|
GBA (β-glucocerebrosidase)
|
Ashkenazi Jews
| |
Pigmentation
|
Several genes
|
Iceland
| |
Prostate cancer
|
Xp11.22, 2p15, 17q
|
Iceland
| |
Psychotic and bipolar spectrum disorders
|
TSNAX (translin-associated factor X)/DISC1(disrupted in schizophrenia 1) locus
|
Finland
| |
Psychosis
|
TGIF (TGFB-induced factor)
|
Central Valley of Costa Rica
| |
Schizophrenia
|
DRD2 (dopamine D2 receptor)
|
Basques
| |
Type 2 diabetes
|
CDKAL1 (CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1)
|
Iceland
|
---------------------- -
Finnish heritage disease
Finnish heritage diseases include:
APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy—candidiasis—ectodermal dystrophy)
Aspartylglucosaminuria, a lysosomal storage disease
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital nephrotic syndrome, a kidney disease of newborn babies
Congenital chloride diarrhea
Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy
GRACILE syndrome
Lethal arthrogryposis with anterior horn cell disease
Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 1
Meretoja syndrome
Meckel syndrome
Myotonia congenita
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia
Salla disease, a lysosomal storage disease
PEHO syndrome
Rapadilino syndrome
Retinoschisis
Usher syndrome
Three rare causes of dwarfism are included in the Finnish heritage: cartilage–hair hypoplasia, diastrophic dysplasia and Mulibrey nanism.
Four genetically distinct subtypes of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis are found in the Finnish heritage: CLN1, CLN3, CLN5, and CLN8. Names for conditions associated with these subtypes include infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, Jansky–Bielschowsky disease and northern epilepsy syndrome. As of 2001, CLN5 and CLN8 had been reported almost exclusively in Finland.
Meckel syndrome type 1 (MKS1[10]), a lethal condition, is known in 48 Finnish families.
Other genetic diseases
The European Organization for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS) estimates that there are between 5,000 and 7,000 distinct rare diseases, affecting between 6% and 8% of the population of the European Union. The majority of genetic diseases reported in Finland are not part of the Finnish disease heritage and their prevalence is not higher in Finland than worldwide.
Some genetic diseases are disproportionately rare in Finns. These include cystic fibrosis and phenylketonuria. In Finland, about 1 in 80 persons are carriers of a cystic fibrosis mutation, compared with an average of 1 in 25 elsewhere in Europe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_heritage_disease
----------------------------------
Finland's Fascinating Genes
April. 2005
The people in this land of lakes and forests are so alike that scientists can filter out the genes that contribute to heart disease, diabetes, and asthma
http://discovermagazine.com/2005/apr/29-finlands-fascinating-genes
-----
Unique disease heritage of the Dutch-German Mennonite population.
April 15, 2008
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18348259
--------
Molecular diagnosis of some common genetic diseases in Russia and
the former USSR: present and future.
1993
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1016272/pdf/jmedgene00004-0055.pdf
-----------
Coronavirus: Iceland’s mass testing finds half of carriers show no symptoms
25 March 2020
https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2020/03/25/Coronavirus-Iceland-s-mass-testing-finds-half-of-carriers-show-no-symptoms
-----------
Prevalences of hereditary diseases in different populations of Russia
Sep 2007
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1022795407090104
---------
The Vikings and Baron Dupuytren's disease
Oct, 2001
Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is an ancient affliction of unknown origin. It is defined by Dorland as shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia producing a flexion deformity of a finger. Tradition has it that the disease originated with the Vikings, who spread it throughout Northern Europe and beyond as they traveled and intermarried. After being present for hundreds of years, DD was named in the 19th century after a famous French surgeon, who was not the first to describe it. This article reviews the history of DD and describes its incidence, clinical manifestations, and treatment.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305903/
----------
Vikings could be to blame for why Scots have highest levels of multiple sclerosis in the world, say scientists
December 10, 2012
Study found one in every 170 women in the Orkney Islands suffers from multiple sclerosis
It is the highest rate in the world and has been linked with their Norse ancestry
Scientists say Vitamin D deficiency could also be to blame
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2245978/Vikings-blame-Scots-highest-levels-multiple-sclerosis.html
---------
Human genetics: lessons from Quebec populations.
2001
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701644
---------
Hereditary disorders in the French Canadian population of Quebec. I. In search of founders.
1994
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8194844
--------
Europe's most common genetic disease is a liver disorder
Feb 6, 2012
https://www.embl.de/aboutus/communication_outreach/media_relations/2008/080205_heidelberg/
-----------
Ethnicity and adverse drug reactions
Personalised drug treatment is getting closer but will not replace good clinical judgment
May 2006
Whether ethnicity is an important contributor to the variable outcome of drug treatment is still a matter of debate. Research evidence on such associations is limited in quantity and variable in quality. Too often patients' ethnicity is classified by using poorly defined criteria or an inadequate scientific basis. Indeed, both skin colour and self identification of ethnic origin seem to be poorly correlated with molecular genetics, and most genetic variability is found within, rather than among, continental populations. In addition, ethnic differences in drug response might originate from cultural or environmental factors.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1463978/
--------
Lupus in AfroCaribbeans and Other Ethnic Groups
1997
http://www.lupus-support.org.uk/Ethnic.htm
-------
The HPV Vaccine and the Case for Race-Based Medicine
Nov 1, 2013
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, approved in 2006, protects against strains of the virus responsible for 70% of cervical cancers. But what about the remaining 30%?
It turns out that those strains circulate more frequently among African-American and non-white Hispanic women, meaning that even if they are properly immunized, these populations aren’t protected against the sexually transmitted virus and the cancer it can cause...
http://healthland.time.com/2013/11/01/the-hpv-vaccine-and-the-case-for-race-based-medicine/
--------
Study: Whites with muscular dystrophy live up to 12 years longer than blacks
Sep 13, 2010
Whites with muscular dystrophy live up to 12 years longer than their African American counterparts, according to a study published Monday in Neurology.
Although medical advancements over a period of 20 years increased the life span of patients with the debilitating muscle disease, those improvements haven’t been equal among different groups.White women with muscular dystrophy had a median death age of 63, versus 51 for African American women. For men, their median age at death was 33, versus 23 for African American males.
http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/13/study-whites-with-muscular-dystrophy-live-up-to-12-years-longer-than-blacks/
------
Health Disparities in Hormone Disorders
Oct 2013
What are health disparities?
Health disparities refer to unequal health status or health care between groups of people due to differences in their background, physical traits, or their environment. Group differences include race/ethnicity, country of origin, sex, income, and disability. These and other differences can affect how often people in a group get a disease, how sick they are, and their chance of dying from the disease. Some people may not be able to get good health care or have the opportunity to make healthy lifestyle choices.
Unfortunately, health disparities affect large and diverse groups of people. They exist for many types of illnesses, including endocrine (hormone) disorders and diseases.
Type 2 diabetes
Compared with white adults, minority adults are more likely to
Develop type 2 diabetes
Have diabetic complications such as diabetes eye disease and kidney disease
Die from diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Women who have new diabetes during pregnancy are more apt to develop type 2 diabetes later. Gestational diabetes is more common in Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans than in whites or blacks. Yet, for some reason, black women who do get this type of diabetes are even more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than women of other races. This holds true even when the groups have the same body mass index, or BMI (a measure of body size).
Osteoporosis
Fracture frequency: Fractures (broken bones) due to the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis are more common in white women than minorities. Yet black women are more likely to die than white women after breaking a hip. This may be because blacks are older and more often have other severe health problems at the time of fracture.
Gaps in diagnosis and treatment: Compared with whites, black women who had a fracture are less likely to receive a diagnosis of osteoporosis. And if they are at risk for fracture, black women receive preventive osteoporosis medicine less often than whites do.
Low vitamin D
A shortage of vitamin D in the body worsens bone health and may raise the risk for some other diseases. Low vitamin D is a common problem among all races and ethnic groups, but blacks have lower vitamin D levels than others. There likely are many reasons for blacks’ higher risk for vitamin D shortage. One reason is their dark skin lessens their ability to make vitamin D from the sun. Compared with whites, blacks also tend to have less intake of vitamin D from supplements and their diet.
http://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-health/scientific-statements/health-disparities
--------------------------
Study Links Disparities in Pain Management to Racial Bias
April 04, 2016
https://news.virginia.edu/content/study-links-disparities-pain-management-racial-bias
------------------------------
The Impact of Race or Ethnicity in Crohn's Disease
Edward V. Loftus, Jr., M.D.
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Caucasians, especially northern European
ancestry
–
Scandinavia
–
Northern Europe
–
British Isles
–
United States and Canada
•
Increased risk in Jews
Uncommon in African Americans and other racial minorities in U.S.
http://www.gihealthfoundation.org/GI_news_and_library/library/ppts/IBD/impactofraceethnicity.pdf
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How Does Race Affect COPD?
Oct 8, 2015
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is one of the many chronic lung diseases that can leave sufferers struggling to breathe. It is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, and while it is estimated that 12.7 million people have COPD, it is also assumed that there is a vast number of individuals with COPD who are not diagnosed. Many of the individuals who are undiagnosed may not fit into the majority racial profile. Currently, there are more Caucasian individuals diagnosed with COPD than those of African decent—despite newer research showing that the gap may not actually be significant. By having a larger volume of white individuals diagnosed with COPD, scientists previously accepted the notion that white individuals are more susceptible to COPD than black individuals. Surprisingly, new research refutes this finding as African American individuals are more likely to receive a COPD diagnosis at a younger age and with less of a cumulative-smoking background, or less years with first-hand smoke. Theoretically, this supports the idea that African Americans are more susceptible to COPD. With findings pointing in different directions, scientists are baffled by the potential connection between COPD and race.
https://lunginstitute.com/blog/how-does-race-affect-copd/
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Genetics and Genomic Medicine in Colombia
Mar 5, 2015
Genetic Disorders in Colombia
We have evidence from the pre-Columbian era on the recognition of certain disorders from the Tumaco-La Tolita culture, a group of Amerindians settled in what is now the Colombian and Ecuador coast circa the year 600 bc. A collection of clay figurines have preserved in incredible detail the representation of what are thought to be prevalent genetic syndromes in the population at that time, such as: Morquio, Down syndrome, and Treacher-Collins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367080/
---------------------------------
Medical genetics and genomic medicine in Chile: opportunities for improvement
14 July 2015
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mgg3.166/full
----------------------------------
Ethical issues in genetics and public health in Latin America with a focus on Argentina
July, 2015
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC4524838/
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Rare disease landscape in Brazil: report of a successful experience in inborn errors of metabolism
2016
The LSD Brazil network
A particular group of genetic metabolic conditions—the lysosomal storage diseases, LSDs—has received a disproportionate attention among the IEM, compared to their relative size (there are around 60 LSDs among the 600 IEM), as specific treatments—as enzyme replacement therapies, substrate reduction therapy and molecular chaperones—became available for many of these conditions. As the investigation for LSDs usually follows a relatively different strategy compared to the investigation for the other IEM, we decided to create a separate network:
The NPC Brazil network
As Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease requires for its diagnosis an invasive technical tool, the Filipin staining test performed in fibroblasts, we set up an independent network to deal with the protocol to diagnose this challenging disease.
https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-016-0458-3
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Movement disorders in Latin America
June 29, 2005
Contents
1.
Introduction
....................................................................................126
2.
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism
.........................................................127
3.
Dystonia
.......................................................................................127
4.
Tics
..........................................................................................128
5.
Tremor
........................................................................................128
5.1.
Chin tremor .
..............................................................................128
6.
Infectious-parasitic and autoimmune
..................................................................128
6.1.
HIV infection and AIDS
......................................................................129
6.2.
Meningitis . .
..............................................................................129
6.3.
Neurocysticercosis
..........................................................................129
6.4.
Malaria
..................................................................................130
6.5.
Paracoccidioidomycosis
......................................................................130
6.6.
Sydenham’s chorea (SC)
......................................................................130
6.7.
Prion disease
..............................................................................131
6.8.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
........................................................131
7.
Environmental and lifestyle
.........................................................................132
7.1.
Central and peripheral trauma
..................................................................132
7.2.
Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMD)
........................................................132
7.3.
Exposure to toxins—occupational neurology
.......................................................132
7.4.
The parkinsonism complex of Guadeloupe
.........................................................133
8.
Cerebrovascular disorders
..........................................................................133
9.
Inherited movement disorders .
......................................................................133
9.1.
Huntington’s disease . . .
......................................................................133
9.2.
Spinocerebellar ataxias .
......................................................................134
9.2.1.
SCA3—Machado–Joseph disease
.........................................................134
9.2.2.
SCA 2
.............................................................................134
9.2.3.
SCA 10
............................................................................135
9.2.4.
Other SCAs . . .
......................................................................135
http://www.neurologia.ufsc.br/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/mdla.pdf
--------------
Medical genetics and genomic medicine in Chile: opportunities for improvement
July 14, 2015
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mgg3.166/full
---------
Latin-Americans with different Native-American ancestry show different health risks
May 26, 2017
A genetic study of Chileans finds Mapuche and Aymara ancestry linked to different diseases
Latin Americans originate from a mix of people with Native American, European and African ancestry. A new study finds that different types of original Native American ancestry can be associated to different causes of death. Justo Lorenzo Bermejo and Felix Boekstegers from Heidelberg University in Germany, and their Chilean colleagues report these findings in a new study published May 26th, 2017 in PLOS Genetics.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/p-law051817.php
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Respiratory diseases in the world
https://www.ersnet.org/pdf/publications/firs-world-report.pdf
-----------
Next generation sequencing: Coping with rare genetic diseases in China
2016 August
Each year in China, we estimate that there are around 26,000 new DS patients added to the population. This estimate is based on an annual birth rate of 18 million newborn and a disease incidence of DS of 1 in 700 births. Factoring in the life expectancy of DS patients which today is generally over 50 years of age and, adjusting for population growth rate over the last 50 years, we estimate that DS patients alone currently account for around 1.4 million people. After DS, sex chromosomal diseases, such as Turner (45,X), Klinefelter (47,XXY), Triple X syndrome (47,XXX) and Jacob (47,XYY) syndromes have a combined incidence of 1 in 1,000 births (4). With a near normal life expectancy, the number of Chinese individuals with sex chromosome disease syndromes is estimated to exceed 2 million. In a review of chromosome disease incidence in the United Stated (US), it has been estimated that the combined number of patient's with other types of chromosome disease syndromes far exceeds that of DS and sex chromosome disease patients (5). On this basis, we estimate that the number of Chinese patients with rare genetic disease caused by chromosomal abnormalities alone is well over 10 million.
Although monogenic diseases are less prevalent than chromosome diseases, based on population size, they still represent a significant proportion of the overall genetic disease burden in China. On top of the list are blood disorders such as alpha- and beta- Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) and Hemophilia, the muscle disorders Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), the metabolic disease Phenylketonuria (PKU), the sensory disorder Hereditary Hearing Loss (HHL) and mental disabilities such as Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In southern China, the incidence rates of alpha-and beta- thalassemia are among the highest in the world, with a combined carrier rate of 11% and 23% in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces respectively (6,7), making thalassemia the number one rare genetic disease in these regions. However, since the average life expectancy is less than 10 years, we estimate that the number of living thalassemia patients in these provinces would not exceed more than 25,000. For the other monogenic diseases mentioned, disease incidence is much lower, ranging from as high as 1 in 3,000 to as low as 1 in 10,000 individuals. Despite the low incidence rate of each individual single gene disease, their combined total still represents a large body of patients in China because of the sheer magnitude of the population size. We estimate that the number of existing patients afflicted with monogenic diseases exceeds well over a million in China.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC4995420/
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Prevalence of congenital malformations and genetic diseases in Korea.
1999
A nationwide investigation of congenital malformations and genetic diseases in Korea was conducted by analyzing Medical Insurance data for infants aged under 1 year. Medical Insurance data were obtained for 1993 and 1994 and the ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) code was used to classify the diseases. The coverage rate of medical insurance was approximately 95% of the total population. Anomalies of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems, in descending order of frequency, were more frequent than anomalies in other systems. The average prevalence of cardiovascular anomalies for 1993 and 1994 was 15 per 1000 infants, and ventricular septal defect, with an average prevalence of about 3.50 per 1000 for 1993 and 1994, was the most frequent cardiovascular anomaly in infants. Polydactyly was the most frequent musculoskeletal anomaly, with an average prevalence, for 1993 and 1994, of about 1.20 per 1000 infants. Anencephaly had the highest frequency of nervous system anomalies. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was the most common of the gastrointestinal anomalies. The prevalence of the congenital malformations and genetic diseases examined was similar to that reported in other countries. Total medical expenses for the care of patients with each disease entity were also estimated. The highest medical expenses were incurred for ventricular septal defect, congenital coagulation factor VIII disorders, atrial septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and spinal anomalies, in descending order of magnitude. This investigation could be helpful in planning social welfare systems, as well as for elucidating the current status of congenital malformations and genetic diseases in Korea, and in other Asian countries.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9929974
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The Genome of a Mongolian Individual Reveals the Genetic Imprints of Mongolians on Modern Human Populations
Dec 8, 2014
https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/6/12/3122/546344/The-Genome-of-a-Mongolian-Individual-Reveals-the
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Genetic disease patterns in Japan: a review.
1992
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1427743
-------------------------
Eugenics in Japan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics_in_Japan#Abolition_of_eugenics_laws
----------------
Native Hawaiian and Pacific islander Health Disparities
http://www.apiahf.org/sites/default/files/NHPI_Report08a_2010.pdf
-------------
New insights into ancestry and health of Polynesians and
New Zealand Mäori
http://scientists.org.nz/files/posts/justinhodgkiss/NZSR73_1_Chambers.pdf
----------------
Ancient Denisovan DNA excavated in modern Pacific Islanders
Substantial genomic remnants of the extinct Denisovans recovered in Oceania populations
March 17, 2016
Source:: University of Washington Health Sciences/UW Medicine
--------
{Some people debate if the following theory is correct or not}.
Archaic human admixture with modern humans
Archaic human admixture with modern humans is thought to have taken place through interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals, Denisovans, as well as other archaic humans over the course of the Middle Paleolithic.
Neanderthal-derived DNA accounts for an estimated 1–4% of the genome of modern Eurasian populations, but it is significantly absent or uncommon in the genome of most groups in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some researchers have suggested that the observed data might alternatively be explained by ancient subpopulation structure. In modern Oceanian and Southeast Asian populations, there is a relative increase of Denisovan-derived DNA (an estimated 4–6% of the Melanesian genome is derived from Denisovans). In certain modern populations in Africa, there is also evidence for archaic admixture with as yet unidentified hominins.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_human_admixture_with_modern_humans
------
A World map of Neanderthal and Denisovan ancestry in modern humans
march 28, 2016
https://phys.org/news/2016-03-world-neanderthal-denisovan-ancestry-modern.html
---------
The Lost Ancient Humans of Antarctica
Feb 25, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBF0hP2_nGw
---------
This Population Map Will Tell You If You Have Ancient Denisovan Or Neanderthal DNA In Your Genome
http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/interbreeding-denisovans-may-have-contributed-human-male-infertility/
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Differences in disease frequency between Europeans and Polynesians: directions for future research into genetic risk factors.
March, 2001
The purpose of this review is to identify complex genetic diseases that might be common in Polynesian ethnic groups because of a high frequency of susceptibility genes. Since a number of Polynesian ethnic groups are descended from recent founder populations, they may be especially suitable for studies designed to identify these genes. We have reviewed the epidemiological literature looking for diseases that i) have a higher frequency in at least two Polynesian groups than in Europeans living in the same geographic areas, ii) are not at high frequency in Polynesia entirely because of high levels of known environmental risk factors, and iii) are known to be inherited in other ethnic groups. Twenty-one diseases fulfilling these three criteria were identified. It may be possible to design studies to identify the genes that cause these diseases in Polynesian ethnic groups.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12017815
-----
How a Powerful Obesity Gene Helped Samoans Conquer the South Pacific
By studying the genomes of more than 5,000 Samoans, researchers have uncovered a single gene that boosts a person’s obesity risk by upwards of 40 percent. Remarkably, this gene—which appears in a quarter of all Samoans—may have arisen in the population as they colonized the South Pacific.
As described in the latest edition of Nature Genetics, this “thrifty” genetic variant, called CREBRF, is associated with a 1.5 percent increase in Body Mass Index (BMI). So, for a person of average height weighing around 180 pounds, this gene corresponds to an extra 10 pounds. As noted by the researchers in their study, CREBRF promotes more efficient storage of fat and features “an effect size much larger than that of any other known common BMI risk variant.”
Working with colleagues from several universities, Stephen McGarvey from Brown University made the discovery while scanning the genomes of thousands of Samoans. This populations has some of the highest obesity rates in the world, a fact that prompted the scientists to conduct a genetic investigation. Around a quarter of all Samoans involved in the study had the genetic variant, which was associated with 30 to 40 percent increased odds of being obese compared to those who don’t have the gene. At the same time, this gene is virtually non-existent in European and African populations and occurs at very low frequencies among East Asians.
“Although we have found a genetic variant with a reasonable biological mechanism, this genetic variant is just one part of the many reasons for the high levels of BMI and obesity among Samoans,” noted McGarvey in a press statement.
http://gizmodo.com/how-a-powerful-obesity-gene-helped-samoans-conquer-the-1784266550
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Asian genetic killer found in Polynesian men
June 16, 2003
A mysterious genetic disease that kills Asian men in their sleep also affects Polynesians, researchers have discovered.
Known as sudden unexplained death syndrome, or SUDS, it is an inherited disorder that strikes South East Asian men aged 40 to 60 while they sleep. The discovery of SUDS in a new population was announced at the American Heart Association's second Asia Pacific Scientific Forum last week.
Called Lai Thai in Thailand, it rarely affects women. As a result, in some rural Thai villages, men at risk sleep in womens' nightclothes to ward off the 'ghoul' they believe is responsible for killing men during sleep.
But scientists know SUDS is caused by a condition called ventricular fibrillation, when the heart's electrical activity is out of synch, preventing the heart from pumping enough blood to the body.
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2003/06/16/877742.htm
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Pacific islanders pay heavy price for abandoning traditional diet
Replacing traditional foods with imported, processed food has contributed to the high prevalence of obesity and related health problems in the Pacific islands. Jane Parry reports.
Scattered across the Pacific Ocean are thousands of islands which make up three regions known as Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Beyond the image of white sandy beaches and carefree lifestyles, the Pacific islands are facing serious health problems, the prime culprit being imported foods.
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/7/10-010710/en/
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How does Asian ancestry affect heart disease risk?
January 19, 2016
The world is picking up the bad habits of Western culture when it comes to health. Lifestyle – especially what you eat and how much you exercise – has a big impact on heart disease. Unfortunately, many people are consuming too many calories and getting too little exercise. Across the globe, people are abandoning their traditional diets and lifestyles and are suffering the consequences.
For reasons that are unclear, Asians and Asian Americans tend to develop diabetes at a lower body mass index (BMI) than Caucasians. People of Asian descent who carry 20 extra pounds are at risk of developing diabetes, whereas Caucasians usually need to carry 40 or more extra pounds before they are at risk. This is true for people of Asian descent regardless of where in the world they live.
The literature indicates that an astonishing 11 percent of Chinese have diabetes. Perhaps even more amazing, 50 percent of Chinese have prediabetes, a condition that typically emerges into diabetes. Out of 1.3 billion human beings, that’s 143 million people with diabetes and 650 million with prediabetes!
http://www.utswmedicine.org/stories/articles/year-2016/heart-disease-asian.html
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Leading Causes of Death among Asian American Subgroups (2003–2011)
Methods and Findings
We examined national mortality records for the six largest Asian subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) from 2003-2011, and ranked the leading causes of death. We calculated all-cause and cause-specific age-adjusted rates, temporal trends with annual percent changes, and rate ratios by race/ethnicity and sex. Rankings revealed that as an aggregated group, cancer was the leading cause of death for Asian Americans. When disaggregated, there was notable heterogeneity. Among women, cancer was the leading cause of death for every group except Asian Indians. In men, cancer was the leading cause of death among Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese men, while heart disease was the leading cause of death among Asian Indians, Filipino and Japanese men. The proportion of death due to heart disease for Asian Indian males was nearly double that of cancer (31% vs. 18%). Temporal trends showed increased mortality of cancer and diabetes in Asian Indians and Vietnamese; increased stroke mortality in Asian Indians; increased suicide mortality in Koreans; and increased mortality from Alzheimer’s disease for all racial/ethnic groups from 2003-2011. All-cause rate ratios revealed that overall mortality is lower in Asian Americans compared to NHWs.
Conclusions
Our findings show heterogeneity in the leading causes of death among Asian American subgroups. Additional research should focus on culturally competent and cost-effective approaches to prevent and treat specific diseases among these growing diverse populations.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4411112/
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Rare Autoimmune Disease attacks People of Asian Descent
6-Sep-2012
Newswise — There has been an outbreak of an adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome in Southeast Asia. The autoimmune disease causes AIDS-like symptoms but is not associated with HIV and is not contagious.
The disease causes patients’ bodies to produce antibodies that attack their own immune systems. Dr. Sarah Browne, a clinical investigator at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at NIH and the lead author on the study, says that we all have molecules and proteins that tell different immune cells when to start fighting infection. A large number of the patients studied with serious opportunistic infections make an antibody that blocks the function of one of these molecules. The molecule is called interferon-gamma. Without functioning interferon-gamma, people become more susceptible to certain types of infections -- infections people with working immune systems normally don't get. Interferon-gamma is a protein that helps the body fight off infections. In those diagnosed, the immune system has begun treating interferon-gamma as an enemy and makes an autoantibody against it, thus making it an autoimmune condition.
“These findings provide new opportunities to understand the relationship between immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases, the topic of a recent AARDA-sponsored international symposium,” says Dr. Noel Rose, the director of the Johns Hopkins Autoimmune Disease Research Center.
http://www.newswise.com/articles/rare-autoimmune-disease-attacks-people-of-asian-descent
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Researchers find distinctive patterns of cancer in Asian-Americans
July 11, 2007
Asian-Americans, both those born in the United States and new immigrants, have distinctive patterns of cancer incidence that doctors should consider when treating them, researchers have found.
A report appearing Wednesday in the journal CA is "one of the most comprehensive summaries of cancer among Asian-Americans," according to the American Cancer Society, which publishes the journal. The report is based on information on cancer cases collected by the state of California from 2000 to 2002 and focuses on five ethnic groups: Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese. The state has a large Asian population, 3.7 million, and carefully sorts its cancer data by ethnic group.
When all cancers are combined, Asian-Americans actually have lower rates than other groups in the United States. But cancer is still a major cause of death for Asians, killing more of them than heart disease. Different groups appear prone to different types of cancer.
Groups that have been in the United States the longest are likely to develop cancers that are most common there, like breast and colorectal cancer, although their rates are still significantly below those of non-Hispanic whites. The risk of those cancers may be increased by obesity, inactivity, high alcohol intake and diets rich in fat and low in fruits and vegetables, and the rates in Asians seem to rise gradually as they adopt more American habits.
Recent immigrants, by contrast, tend to suffer from the same types of cancer that are predominant in their native countries, like stomach and liver cancer. In developing countries, those cancers are often caused by chronic infections with certain bacteria and viruses that are routinely treated or prevented in the United States.
"I was surprised to see the diversity in cancer among the ethnic groups," said Melissa McCracken, an epidemiologist with the cancer society and the first author of the report. "The group is not homogeneous. Clinicians need to be aware of that and to really extend their scope of attention to cancer due to infectious agents, not just typical chronic conditions."
Among the more striking findings in the report are that Vietnamese men have incidence and death rates from liver cancer that are seven times the rate in non-Hispanic white men, and Korean men and women are 5 to 7 times as likely as whites to develop stomach cancer. Other Asians are also prone to these cancers, but their rates are generally not as high.
The hepatitis B virus is endemic in Asia, McCracken said, and chronic infection is a major cause of liver cancer there and in recent immigrants.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/11/health/11iht-cancer.4.6617221.html
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10 Top Asian American Health Risks
- The Asian American population has the highest tuberculosis case rate of any ethnic group: 24 times greater than Caucasians. Additionally, 80% of the population in many Asian countries test positive in tuberculin tests, while only 5-10% of the US population test positive.
20% of Asian women older than 50 have osteoporosis and over 50% of them are at risk. Asian American women are at a higher risk for developing osteoporosis compared with Caucasian women.
Asian American women older than 65 have a suicide rate of 11.6 per 100,000—more than double the rate for Caucasian women in that age group. Out of over 2,000 Asian Americans aged 18 or older, 2.7% reported having attempted suicide at some point in their lives and 9.1% of the group reported having had suicidal thoughts.
Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among Asian American men and third among Asian American women. Lung cancer rates among Southeast Asian Americans are 18% higher than among Caucasians and Chinese Americans have the highest death rates for lung cancer among Asian American groups.
Asian Americans are a high –risk group for diabetes type 2. The risk for type 2 diabetes occurs at a lower BMI for Asian Americans compared to other ethnic groups. Additionally, while diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the US in 2006, it ranked as the fifth among Asian Americans.
The incidence rates of liver cancer in Asian American groups are 1.7 to 11.3 times higher than the rate among Caucasians. Additionally, Vietnamese American males have the highest incidence rates of liver cancer out of any other group in the US. Asian Americans are three times more likely to die of liver cancer than Caucasians.
Asian American women have one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the US and Vietnamese American women in particular have an incidence rate five times higher than Caucasian women.
http://goldsea.com/Text/index.php?id=1596
-------------------------
Ethnic Differences in BMI and Disease Risk
The chance of developing diabetes, heart disease, and other weight-related health risks increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). But theres strong evidence that at any given BMI, these health risks are markedly higher in some ethnic groups than others.
The Nurses Health Study, for example, tracked patterns of weight gain and diabetes development in 78,000 U.S. women, to see if there were any differences by ethnic group. All women were healthy at the start of the study. After 20 years, researchers found that at the same BMI, Asians had more than double the risk of developing type 2 diabetes than whites; Hispanics and blacks also had higher risks of diabetes than whites, but to a lesser degree. Increases in weight over time were more harmful in Asians than in the other ethnic groups: For every 11 pounds Asians gained during adulthood, they had an 84 percent increase in their risk of type 2 diabetes; Hispanics, blacks, and whites who gained weight also had higher diabetes risks, but again, to a much lesser degree than Asians. Several other studies have found that at the same BMI, Asians have higher risks of hypertension and cardiovascular disease than their white European counterparts, and a higher risk of dying early from cardiovascular disease or any cause.
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/ethnic-differences-in-bmi-and-disease-risk/
------------------------------
Kidney Disease Most Common In Asian Populations
Researchers have identified five genomic regions that increase susceptibility to IgA nephropathy, a major cause of kidney failure worldwide.
AsianScientist (Apr. 4, 2011) - Researchers have identified five regions in the human genome that increase susceptibility to immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, a major cause of kidney failure worldwide.
The findings, a result of long-term collaborations among investigators in the United States, Italy, and China, was published in the April issue of Nature Genetics.
The researchers looked at the genes of 3,144 people of Chinese and European ancestry, all of whom have IgA nephropathy. The disease occurs when abnormal IgA antibodies deposit on the delicate filtering portion of the kidney and form tangles. The immune system tries to get rid of the tangles, but the kidneys are caught in the crossfire, further destroying the delicate filters.
Worldwide prevalence of IgA nephropathy appears highest in Asia and southern Europe, and rare in Africans. The frequency of genetic risk variants was similarly highest in Chinese people, intermediate in Europeans and lowest in Africans.
The "beauty" of this study, according to Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, was that nobody had suspected the association of the immune basis of IgA nephropathy with kidney diseases.
https://www.asianscientist.com/2011/04/health/kidney-disease-common-asian-populations/
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Chronic diseases: Asia's emerging health threat
Jan 29, 2013
Two in three deaths worldwide (34.5 million) were from chronic diseases in 2010 - an increase of about eight million between 1990 and 2010, according to the landmark Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 published in The Lancet last month, a collaborative project by nearly 500 scientists from more than 300 institutions in 50 countries..
http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/1137943/chronic-diseases-asias-emerging-health-threat
-------------------------------
Inherited metabolic disorders in Thailand.
Aug 2002
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12403250---------------------
Genetic Hemoglobin Disorders, Infection, and Deficiencies of Iron and Vitamin A Determine Anemia in Young Cambodian Children
April 2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3301994/
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Genetic disorders in a paediatric hospital in Cambodia.
March 2005https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16096216
-------------------
Rare Disorders in Malaysia: Rare and Special
http://www.mrds.org.my/2008%20Rare%20Disorders%20MRDS.pdf
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Genetics and genomic medicine in Indonesia
March 2017https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370234/
------------------
Indonesia's Many Human Physical Deformities: A Closer Look
February 6, 2016http://www.acsh.org/news/2016/02/06/matt-whats-up-in-indonesia
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Indonesia lacks qualified doctors, medication to treat rare diseases
March 8, 2017
https://www.pressreader.com/indonesia/the-jakarta-post/20170308/281603830260773
----------------
Birth Defects In South-east Asia
A Public Health Challenge
http://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B4962.pdf
----------------
Blood Mercury Reporting in NHANES: Identifying Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, and Multiracial Groups
Sep 2005
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367827/
----------------
Shift from traditional foods takes toll on Alaska Native populations
2016
https://www.adn.com/rural-alaska/article/processed-food-comes-diabetes-obesity-alaska-natives/2014/09/29/
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Man-made chemicals blamed as many more girls than boys are born in Arctic
2007
· High levels can change sex of child during pregnancy
· Survey of Greenland and east Russia puts ratio at 2:1
Twice as many girls as boys are being born in some Arctic villages because of high levels of man-made chemicals in the blood of pregnant women, according to scientists from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (Amap).
The scientists, who say the findings could explain the recent excess of girl babies across much of the northern hemisphere, are widening their investigation across the most acutely affected communities in Russia, Greenland and Canada to try to discover the size of the imbalance in Inuit communities of the far north.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/sep/12/gender.sciencenews
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Health Problems in Chinese Children Are Different
Introduction
"Different race has different face",1 this saying obviously applies to Chinese children, as they do look different from children of other ethnic origins. In fact, many health problems are different in Chinese children also.2-6 Genetic conditions account for some of the differences. Well-known examples can be found in the thalassaemia syndromes which are highly prevalent in southern Chinese,7,8 or cystic fibrosis which is very rare in Chinese,2 although it is the most common chronic lung problem in Caucasians.9
Traditions usually exert major influences on all kinds of child-care practices in the Chinese culture.2-6,10-13 Many medical and health problems demonstrate strong cultural characteristics. As improvement in socio-economic conditions and changes in life-style together with trends towards westernization have occurred in many Chinese communities2,4,5,10,12,13 in recent years, there are associated significant changes of disease pattern in the children also.2,4,10,12,13 Such changes appear to occur in children who have migrated to take up residence in overseas places as well.
This paper reviews some of the documentations and the author's personal observations on the differences commonly identified in children of Chinese origin.
Background
Chinese people comprise of five major ethnic groups,14 viz. Han (?), Man (Manchurians ?), Mong (Mongolians ?), Hwei (Islamics ?), Zhuang (Tibetans ?). Han is the majority. There are many other "ethnic minority groups" whose features sometimes draw some similarities to the people of the bordering countries. For example, a small group in south-western China has some Persian features; a few people in the North-west look Russian. Most of the Manchurians, Mongolians and Hweis have integrated into the Han society and have become indistinguishable from the Hans, from whom most of the reports regarded as Chinese are based.
External Features
At birth, the Chinese infant has a broader face, often with depressed nasal bridge (Table 1).1,2,5,10,15-24 He does not look "yellow", as his skin pigmentation usually takes days, often weeks to establish. More than one in ten infants have up-slanting eyes. One in four has "low-set ears" by Western standard. The head is usually not as elongated as the Caucasians. This could be due to the supine-sleeping position2,12,25,26 resulting in flattening of the occiput rather than an oblong shape assumed by the head lying on its sides from the prone-sleeping posture.
Of the many external features as listed in Table 1, particularly note-worthy are the "Mongolian blue spots" which are present in nearly all newborns.15 These skin patches, many of them can be quite large around the buttocks, persist till 5-6 years old; and such features should not to be mistaken for "child abuse" by the inexperienced. It is interesting also to note that Chinese children born or raised in temperate regions such as North America are generally less pigmented and not as "yellow" as their cousins who live in China.
Child Growth
"Chinese are born small and remain small all through childhood",27-29 this is a common misconception. Such belief was apparently based on observations made in days when the nutritional status and health care facilities were poor. Recent studies conducted in more developed Chinese communities, like Hong Kong, have indicated that both the intra-uterine30 and childhood growth grids are similar if not identical to the National Council of Health Standards (NCHS) curves of U.S.A. These secular changes appear not influenced by previously presumed genetic and ethnic factors as some workers have suggested.
Already Chinese teenagers of Hong Kong in the late 1980s were 4.2 - 6.7 cm taller than those in the late 1960s.31 Similar secular growth trends are occurring in various big cities in Mainland China29,33-35 and Taiwan.36 One study showed that the femur length was shorter,37 and several surveys have shown that Chinese children in certain big cities of North America are shorter and lighter26,38 than the Caucasian-Americans. These findings could be the result of certain traditional feeding practices which have been found to provide less than optimal dietary intake for the growing Chinese children rather than because of their ethnic endowment.
Congenital Abnormalities
Congenital anomalies as listed in Table 3 are some examples quite unique in Chinese. Uncommon occurrences of neural-tube defects50-52 appear to be due to the plentiful vegetables with folic acid in the southern Chinese diet.51 In a study of supplementing women with folic acid in several northern provinces in China, significant reduction of neural tube disorders has resulted.53 Other conditions like meconium ileus and meconium-plug syndrome from cystic fibrosis2,5,6,9 are extremely rare occurrences,5,6 very different from the experience drawn from Europe and North America.
Congenital conditions which are much less common in Chinese also include congenital dislocation of hips (CDH) which was found to be ten times less common compared with the Caucasians,54 pulmonary hypoplasia from renal agenesis and congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.55,56 Strictly speaking, pyloric stenosis is an acquired condition, as most infants only develop symptoms days, sometimes even weeks, after birth. Local experience has indicated its occurrence is on the rise in recent years. If such observation holds true, it may suggest an etiologic relationship to many recently introduced perinatal interventional therapies which may be stressful to the infants, resulting in increased vagal discharges and smooth muscle hypertrophy as a response around the pylorus.
The incidence of congenital heart defects is similar to Caucasians, but the pattern of heart defects is different.57,58 There are more right heart obstructive lesions and less hypoplastic left heart syndrome (Table 4). Cardiovascular defects associated with Chinese children with Down syndrome are also different (Table 4);59 the commonest problem is not atrio-ventricular cushion defect as noted in the western literature but ventricular septal defect. Although the frequency of congenital heart block has not been clearly documented, one might suspect that it would be higher, as there are many more young Chinese women with systemic lupus erythematosis.60,61
Hydrops fetalis due to a-thalassaemia is common.7 4.5% and 4% of a southern Chinese school-age population have been found to be carriers of the a & b thalassaemia genes respectively.8 While infants with hydrops fetalis due to a-thalassaemia either die in-utero or soon after birth, children with b-thalassaemia major usually require monthly blood-transfusions and daily chelation therapy to sustain life. 4.42% boys and 0.45% girls62 were found to be severely deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-P D). Such enzyme defect had accounted for a very high incidence of neonatal jaundice and kernicterus (Figure 1) in the past;63-66 even in older children haemolytic anaemia often occurs in association with an infection, in particular with hepatitis and typhoid fever, or precipitated by an oxidizing agent. Hare-lips and cleft palate which were noted to be more prevalent in Chinese previously49,67 have recently been found to be similar in incidence67 as in other reports.
Conclusion
Chinese children are different from other ethnic people, not only in their look but also in many medical and health conditions. Genetic disorders account for some differences, most of the other conditions appear to be affected by environmental factors and traditional practices. As there are much movements of Chinese people to take up residence in overseas places in recent years, it is important for child care workers to be alerted to some of the unique features of Chinese children to avoid misunderstanding and even possible mis-management
http://www.cchi.com.hk/specialtopic/case3/
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South Asian health issues
Diabetes and heart disease
People in the UK from south Asian communities are about twice as likely to develop diabetes compared with people from white European backgrounds.
South Asian people are also more likely to develop diabetes at a younger age.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is also more common in south Asian people, as is the risk of dying early from CHD.
Experts aren’t sure why this is the case, but it may be linked to diet, lifestyle and different ways of storing fat in the body.
Children and diabetes
Children of south Asian origin in the UK are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than white European children.
Weight gain caused by eating traditional foods high in sugar and fat, alongside Western "fast foods", is thought to be a contributing factor, according to Diabetes UK.
Eye health and kidney health
The eye condition acute glaucoma and chronic kidney disease can affect anybody, but people from south Asian communities have a higher risk.
Having diabetes increases the chances of developing kidney disease, and research suggests that diabetes can also raise the risk of glaucoma.
http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/SouthAsianhealth/Pages/Overview.aspx
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Bai fu mei: China’s obsession with white skin and ‘trophy’ partners may stem from genetic mutation 15,000 years ago, scientists say
Jan 12, 2016
Men in the country can often seem obsessed with fair skin, especially in a partner, while many women have in the past favoured a Caucasian or “trophy” husband. This has long been dismissed as a social, economic or cultural problem, but new evidence suggests it may stem from a genetic predisposition.
New international study led by Chinese team finds the diverging complexions of Han Chinese and native Africans and Southeast Asians was caused by a mutation of the OCA2 gene 15,224 years ago
For thousands of years, China was ruled by pale-looking nobles in the north, and the invasion of Europeans in its more modern history further added to the perception that a white skin colouring was somehow superior.
But the new study found that the phenomenon could have a biological explanation dating back to prehistoric times as the relatively light skin colouring of the Han Chinese may derive from the same gene held responsible for a number of diseases.
The researchers from China, the United States and Europe analysed genetic samples from more than 1,000 individuals and found that the fairer skin of the Han Chinese in comparison to people from Africa and Southeast Asia was caused by a mutation of the OCA2 gene.
One of the gene’s main functions is to help transport tyrosine, an amino acid used as a raw material in synthesising melanin, a pigment that determines skin colouration .
The mutated version of the gene has been linked to many diseases, such as albinism, acute eye inflammation, Angelman syndrome (characterised by mental disability and jerky movements), learning difficulties and obsessive eating, to name but a few.
The team of researchers were led by Professor Su Bing at the Kunming Institute of Zoology in Yunnan province, and Meng Anming from Tsinghua University in Beijing.
They estimated that the mutated genes which led to the fairer skin of the Han Chinese occurred some 15,224 years ago. This happened after that group’s ancestors migrated up north from Southwest China and Southeast Asia about 25,000 – 30,000 years ago.
This dark colouring would have served as a natural form of defence “against the harmful effects of UV radiation, including protection against sunburn and folate destruction”, according to the team’s paper published in the latest issue of the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution.
But in north China, which experiences less sunshine than other parts of the country, the whiter skin allowed the body to absorb more sunlight to prevent a deficiency of vitamin D. A shortage of this can lead to fragile or brittle bones, cardiovascular problems and cognitive impairments.
According to the laws of natural selection, those with lighter skin were fitter for survival in the new environment. They may also have enjoyed other physical advantages such as being taller with stronger bones and perhaps a greater intelligence, studies show.
Another interesting discovery of the latest study was that the same OCA2 mutation was not detected among Europeans, who also underwent a shift to paler skin after the first modern humans moved out of Africa.
But the evolution of people’s skin colour in Europe took place on a completely different set of genes such as SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, according to other studies.
The genetic difference between Han Chinese and Europeans implied “independent skin-lightening in both East Asians and Europeans”, the scientists said.
But they said other environmental and biological factors could not be ruled out, either.
“Dietary changes and/or sexual selection … may also have created selective pressure in skin lightening,” they wrote.
And that “selective pressure” has shown scant sign of easing up.
A quick pore through a Chinese search engine quickly reveals what many modern Chinese woman aspire to be: Bai-fu-mei. This portmanteau of three Chinese characters - “white”, “rich”, “beautiful” - puts white first, even though in today’s China, wealth is for many the most desirable quality.
A study by market research company Mintel last year found that more than 95 per cent of Chinese women aged 20 to 49 had used facial masks to whiten their face - or three times as many as in Britain.
http://www.scmp.com/tech/science-research/article/1900084/bai-fu-mei-chinas-obsession-white-skin-and-trophy-partners-may
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What genetics reveals about traditional Chinese medicine
January 6, 2017
Impacting genes
Can Chinese medicine impact the human genome, and deliver on its promises? A variety of individual responses to these therapies might be explained by epigenetic influences on gene expression.
A Korean research team found in mice that stimulating a specific acupuncture point associated with neurostimulation and Parkinson’s disease changed the expression levels of 799 genes. These genes could become biomarkers that indicate changes in neuronal activity and possibly point to treatments for the disease.
A Chinese group found changes in mRNA and protein expression in mouse lung tissue after stimulation of three acupoints with acupuncture needles. These expression changes appear to affect regulation of macromolecular biosynthesis, transportation and metabolism, the team reported.
A Taiwanese team analyzing 3,294 medicinal herbs and other compounds found that 36 percent of them worked with histone-modifying enzymes, and one-third of those promoted chromatin condensation, which compacts chromosomes and affects DNA repair and gene expression.
Natural isn’t harmless
Not all traditional medicines are beneficial, however. In fact, any responsible practitioner or specialist will warn that herbal treatments can be hazardous.
Aristolochic acid, which is part of many traditional Chinese preparations for menstrual cramps, rheumatism and (sometimes) weight loss, was also associated with kidney failure and urinary tract cancer, two studies reported.
In addition, traditional Chinese preparations have been found to contain heavy metals and plant toxins. Cases of adverse reactions have been reported, including some deaths. These concoctions are not regulated in either the US or Europe as drugs, but they can have powerful actions by themselves and equally powerful interactions with prescription drugs.
Another issue with Chinese traditional medicines has been identifying the ingredients of any individual herbal preparation. This issue has stemmed from either contaminants or the use of a substitute compound from similar, but not identical, species of plant. Since more than 5,000 species are used for therapies, and most of them are animal- or plant-derived organics, such identification has been difficult. But high-throughput screening and new whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing analysis has permitted scientists to more precisely determine what’s in the mix.
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2017/01/06/what-genetics-reveals-about-traditional-chinese-medicine/
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Simple blood test can detect genetic diseases early in pregnancy
Together, single-gene disorders are more common than Down’s syndrome. Now there’s a safe prenatal test that can help prospective parents decide what to do
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23331074-100-simple-blood-test-can-detect-genetic-diseases-early-in-pregnancy/
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Dysgenics
Dysgenics (rarely cacogenics) is the study of factors producing the accumulation and perpetuation of defective or disadvantageous genes and traits in offspring of a particular population or species.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgenics
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Eugenics
Eugenicsis a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of a human population. The exact definition of eugenics has been a matter of debate since the term was coined by Francis Galton in 1883. The concept predates this coinage, with Plato suggesting applying the principles of selective breeding to humans around 400 BCE.Frederick Osborn's 1937 journal article "Development of a Eugenic Philosophy] framed it as a social philosophy—that is, a philosophy with implications for social order. That definition is not universally accepted. Osborn advocated for higher rates of sexual reproduction among people with desired traits (positive eugenics), or reduced rates of sexual reproduction and sterilization of people with less-desired or undesired traits (negative eugenics).
Alternatively, gene selection rather than "people selection" has recently been made possible through advances in genome editing, leading to what is sometimes called new eugenics, also known as neo-eugenics, consumer eugenics, or liberal eugenics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics
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An Expanded View of Complex Traits: From Polygenic to Omnigenic
http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30629-3-------------
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Chapter 5: The 5 Percent Nation of Islam & Masonry
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{We are calling for the removal of all Muslims and the 5% Nation of Islam members to be removed from Europe and America}.
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Lord Jamar on Jay Z's 5% Chain & White Man Being Devil -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mAD9noJNJ8
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THE TRUTH ABOUT JAY-Z'S SATANIC LEGACY AND 444
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEef8jNM6RY
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Jay Z the Luciferian
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=jay+z+luciferian
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Gza & 5% Nation, 2nd Racewars Dream & Obama ! (When I Thought Obama Wasn't The Antichrist)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYxPBY4lUNY
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Akbar Muhammad on Clarence 13x Separating From The Nation Of Islam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouYf6uSLT0o
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The Greatest Story Never Told - The Story Of Clarence 13X
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbdEF6rsckg
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Born Mastermind Allah: The Black Physiology War Machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxIN5n3WQ4c
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120 Lessons & 360 Degrees/Books: Knowledge Of Self
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZoDcJdHPds
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Asiatic Blackman World Manifest (Five Percent Nation)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAn9qebHYVU
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Mike Tyson speaks on the 5 Percenters
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aB8aUGoYIFI
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Min Farrakhan speaks on 10% and 5%
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtTwy-U7AY4
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Freemasonry Exposed: What Every Christian Should Know
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJk22JXMRcE
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33 Degree Freemasonry - The Egyptian Christian Mystery Tradition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lbf992P92kQ
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Now Allah 'The Five Percenter'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofyHZjAU_Vo
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Truth or Square 'The Five Percent Nation'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1SPfywI1Yw
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True 5%ers, LA first born, Teaching the right way -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBq5bkSiimg
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Alex Jones mentioning 360 degrees in Masonry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWLGVjNpuuE
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Who Are The Five Percent | Vintage Wisdom Edition -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWNWtYNQEZs
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BORN KING ALLAH: FIVE PERCENTER NEWSPAPER SAVIOR 2/23/2014
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sBhNWmiHkc
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120 Lessons & 360 Degrees 5% Nation -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AzzvKLdn9g
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Supreme Mathematics & Supreme Alphabets 'The Five Percent Nation'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLvJCoQQsyE
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Who is the 5%?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJAX4Jnz6nM
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Muslim Gods, 5 Pretenders, and What Black woman need to do....
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VR0vq4Z6TTM
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KINGASIATIC ALLAH - Exclusive Interview - Nation of Gods & Earths
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ke8ScPnMyTk
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God Allah Sha Building on the Basic of the 5%
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7onJBj6EJc
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Five Percent Nation Gods and Earths III
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhA046fnzas
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CLARENCE 13X & THE FIVE PERCENTERS: A QUICK EXAMINATION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeusqGdmghg
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Today's Math: A Five Percenter from Bangladesh
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruuLpk6uZ10
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We are NOT Muslims
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSCLAdW_1cQ
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GOD MC RAKIM on being a 5 PERCENTER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8FF0TIT0ho
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'Lord Just' Builds about Five Percenter History (Atlantis Build)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ex5txzcNrV4
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112116 Who are The Gods and Earths?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKaAySUeNa4
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Five Percenters & Allah U Reality The Real God
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZZRmk-DUxI
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CLARENCE 13X aka ALLAH aka CLARENCE SMITH JOWERS of The 5%
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBUFZQSen6U
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Bro. C. Freeman-El | I Self Law Am Master (Full Version)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHBYfbkepSQ
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Grand Master C. Freeman El: "THE MOOR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7LTKYAuZ-M
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Bro. C. Freeman El | Esther: Book of the Goddess - Pt. 3/3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jR5XgYHhnKI
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Dr. Alim El Bey: FREEMASONRY, MERKABAHS & THE ESOTERIC HUMAN ANATOMY (NEW) -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k57mRCWQS-8
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5%ers vs Natural Tehuti
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHiD1_37LnQ
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5 Percent Of Nothing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqb2pDKPPs8
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Farrakhan on Five Percent Nation Founder Clarence 13X
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1D5kdOie2A
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The NOI's Supreme Wisdom Lessons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzUjwrmNl8k
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112116 Who are The 85%? The 10%? Who are the 5 Percenters?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lN0RRq1t5fM
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Race and Reason
http://www.jrbooksonline.com/PDFs/Race_and_Reason.pdf
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View our Second book on Dysgenics called Race Dysgenics - RaceDysgenics.Blogspot.com
{To continue this discussion, view the following articles below}.
Islamic Sharia Law & Genocide - The Middle East Conflict Investigation - IslamicShariaGenocdie.Blogspot.com
A Donald Trump Investigation 5-11-2016 - Donaldtrumpinvestigation.blogspot.com
Genetically Modified Vaccines Investigated - The Eugenics Investigation - Gmovaccinesinvestigated.blogspot.com/
Genetically Modified Humans & Viruses Investigated - The Eugenics Investigation - Gmohumansandviruses.blogspot.com
The DuPont Investigation - Dupontinvestigation.Blogspot.com
5/12/2019 - Race Virus 101 - The Eugenics Investigation (The Dysgenics Investigation) - https://racevirus101.blogspot.com
1/8/2020 - Race Dysgenics Brazil | Eugenics in Brazil - https://eugenicsbrazil.blogspot.com
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For more information on biotechnology, nanotechnology and
genetically modified organisms, view our website
MonsantoInvestigation.com
